Campbell (b. 1920) recalls his early life, his work at KSL Radio and Television, and his later career at the University of Utah where he was involved in establishing both KUER and KUED and where he continues as a member of the faculty teaching in the area of the Humanities. 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Sherry Baker

Sorenson (b. 1916 ) recalls his background and association with the administration of the University of Utah in the area of public relations. 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Dykstra (b. 1914) recalls his background and service to the University of Utah as faculty member and later dean of the College of Law and academic vice president of the University. 1949-1960s. Interviewer: Donald Zillman

Jensen (b. 1931) recalls his architectural student days at the University of Utah during the 1950s and expresses his admiration for the head of the department of Architecture, Roger Bailey. He also discusses his career at the University where was in charge of campus planning. 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Alder (1901-1985) recalls his early life in Salt Lake after his arrival from Latvia, the Jewish community in the city, and the Rosenblatt family. 1909-1940s. Interviewers: Floyd A. O'Neil, Gregory C. Thompson

McGuire (b. 1917) recalls his background and his association with golf in Utah and the University of Utah. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Recollections of her husband, Ike Armstrong, his coaching career, and the athletic program at the University of Utah. 1920s-1950s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Poulson (b. 1921) recalls his background and education, his military career, and his association with the Personnel Department and Research Park at the University of Utah. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

R. J. Snow (b. 1937) recalls his early life, his friendship with Juanita Brooks and her family, and his career at the University of Utah. He also discusses sports at the University, his directorship of the Hinckley Institute on campus and the relationship of the Mormon Church with the University. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Haglund (b. 1917) recalls her early life, her work with the National Broadcasting Company, and her career at the University of Utah in Public Relations. 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Madsen (b. 1915) recalls his education and early background as a contractor, his East Central States Mission for the Mormon church, and his career as a professor and administrator at both Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Hatch (b. 1928) discusses the early history of river running Utah, beginning with the time of the trappers and explorers in the 1800s. He also talks about organized expeditions from the 1920s to the present. Interviewer: Roy Webb

Arlington Russell Mortensen (b. 1911) relates his personal background and talks about his affiliation with the Utah State Historical Society, the , , the University of Utah Press, and the University's Department of History. See also interview No.367 Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Couch (b. 1905) recalls his background and career with the athletic program, University of Utah in the 1930s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

William H. Behle (b. 1909) recalls his background, education, and affiliation with the Departments of Biology and Zoology at the University of Utah from 1937 to the 1970s. He also discusses faculty then and now, Mormonism vs. Non-Mormonism at the University, and the Utah Academy of Arts, Letters and Sciences. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Money (b. 1928) recalls his early education and background, his military service in the Korean War as a chaplain, the origins of Research Park and the difficulties associated with its development. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Cracroft (b. 1922) recounts his student days at the University of Utah in the 1940s, his work as press secretary for Senator Wallace Bennett in the 1950s, and his career at the University of Utah. During his tenure at the University, he was with Public Relations, the Division of Continuing Education, and the Alumni Association. At the time of the interview Cracroft was serving as manager of Kingsbury Hall. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Russon (b. 1905) recalls his background, his association with the theater at the University of Utah during the 1930s-1970s, and also comments generally about the theater in Salt Lake City. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Russon (1905-1986) recalls her family background; her appointment as the first woman in the College of Business, 1940s-1960s; and her participation in local theater, 1930s-1970s. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Castleton (b. 1903) recalls his background, medical training, the construction of the University of Utah Medical Center, 1960s; his appointment as dean of the University Medical School and later appointment as vice president for Health Sciences, University of Utah, 1960s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Margetts (b. 1909) recalls his early life, his theatrical heritage, and his World War II experiences. The majority of the interview is about his work in theater at the University of Utah, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Gardner (b. 1910) recalls his background, his coaching prior to coming to the University of Utah in 1953 and his work at the University of Utah, 1953-1979. He also discusses the build-up of the University's basketball program, the Billy McGill issue, and professional basketball in Utah. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Jarvis (b. 1923) recalls his background; his acquaintance and work with Sterling McMurrin, 1940s-1980s; his graduate work at various universities; and his career as a University of Utah administrator, particularly with KUED and the theater issues, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Evans (b. 1930) recalls her background, her decision to go into nursing and later midwifery, her conflict with physicians, and opening her own practice. Interviewers: Jan Brugel, Lisa Litton

Rainger (b. 1925) recalls his early life, his work as a photographer and writer, his programming job with KDYL radio and later television, and his association with Sid Fox. Interviewer: Ronald Rainger

Miller (b. 1911) recalls his background, his work in the University of Utah's Accounting Department and his career in the University's administration in the 1960s and1970s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Hair (b. 1919) recalls her service to the University of Utah libraries and their history, 1946-1984. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Jennings (b. 1909) discusses his background, his career at the University of Utah as professor and chairman of the Department of Anthropology, 1948-1980s, and his directorship of the Museum of Natural History. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In a monologue, Read (b. 1922 ) recalls the Stewart Training School at the University of Utah and his association with the Graduate School of Education at the University of Utah, 1960s-1970s.

Adix (b. 1912), a long-time theater faculty member at the University of Utah, discusses his work in children's theater and his association with C. Lowell Lees, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Williams (b. 1947) recalls her education, her work in nursing, and her practice of midwifery, 1970s-1980s. Interviewers: Jan Brugel, Lisa Litton

Jack (b. 1918) recalls his early life and military experience, his employment at the University of Utah, becoming athletic director, the first black athletes at the University, the building of the Special Events Center and being a member of the Olympic Committee. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Canning (b. 1920) recalls his background in Wyoming, his experiences in WW II, his work at Brigham Young University during the administration of Ernest Wilkinson, and his career at the University of Utah in the Department of Sociology and as dean of the College of Arts and Letters during the 1960s. He also discusses the administrations of Presidents A. Ray Olpin and James Fletcher. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Evans (b. 1948) discusses her practice of midwifery in Utah. Interviewers: Jan Brugel, Lisa Litton

Hague (b. 1926), Director of the Utah Museum of Natural History, discusses his background, education, and his career at the University including the establishment of the museum, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

At age 100, Orin Tugman (b. 1880) recalls his work in physics and electrical engineering and other activities at the University of Utah. Interviewer: Gregory C. Thompson

Boehme (b. 1946) discusses the history of nursing and midwifery in Utah, 1965-1985. Interviewers: Jan Brugel, Lisa Litton

Degnan recalls his association with the College of Law, University of Utah, 1955-1962. Interviewer: Donald Zillman

Spencer recalls his education and background both in Utah and California, his work with microfilming, and specifically his microfilming for the University of Utah. Interviewer: Richard Van Orden

Thomson (b. 1906), former director of the University of Utah Library and assistant to University President A. Ray Olpin, recalls his campus experiences during the 1960s. Interviewer: Richard Van Orden

In this second interview, Thomson discusses his background in rural Utah, attending Snow College, and his career at the University of Utah which culminated in becoming director of University Libraries. He also recounts his role in planning the library in the 1960s and establishing the State of Utah's library program. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Graf (b. 1947) discusses the history of nursing and midwifery in Utah, 1970s-1980s. Interviewers: Jan Brugel, Lisa Litton

Atiya (b. 1898) discusses his early life and schooling in Egypt. He also talks about his career at the University of Utah, which included the establishment of the Middle East Center, and Middle East Library, and his work on the Coptic Encyclopedia, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Grant (b. 1918) discusses his work in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Utah, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Morris (b. 1907) discusses her career in the College of Education at the University of Utah, the progress made by women faculty members and her own accomplishments, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Reeder (b. 1939) discusses midwifery education in Utah. Interviewer: Lisa Litton

Irvine recalls the association between her father, John Tolman, and the "father of television," Philo Farnsworth. She also discusses the television patent hearing held in Utah. Interviewer: Helen B. Gibbons

Merrill (b. 1919) discusses his career at the University of Utah in the Department of Psychology, as head of the Counseling Center, and his association with the College of Education, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Harry (b. 1910) discusses her career in the College of Education at the University of Utah, the problems for women in education, and her accomplishments. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Brumbaugh (b. 1912) recalls his early education, his association with the College of Education at the University of Utah, his work in Ethiopia, and the use of KUED by the faculty, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Harmer (b. 1926) discusses his association with the College of Education at the University of Utah, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Crampton (b. 1911) recalls his early life and education in California, his career at the University of Utah in the Department of History, and his association with the , the American West Center, the Doris Duke Oral History project, and his studies at Glen Canyon, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Demars discusses his early life and education and his association with the College of Education, University of Utah, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Jacobsen recalls his early life, schooling and the faculty in the College of Education, University of Utah, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Fawley recalls his childhood, his education and his association with the College of Education, University of Utah, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Ence (b. 1912) recalls her background and her work and impressions of with University of Utah presidents and other administrators, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Gregory C. Thompson

Woodruff (b. 1904) recalls his early life and schooling, his work at Brigham Young University, and his assumption of the deanship of the College of Education at the University of Utah, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Snow (b. 1901) talks about her pioneer heritage, family life and education, her teaching career at the University of Utah, and the influence of George Thomas, President of the University. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Dibble (b. 1909) discusses his education, his work in anthropology and linguistics, and his career at the University of Utah, 1940s-1970s. He recalls his association with Jesse Jennings who was in the Anthropology Department, and A. Ray Olpin, President of the University. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Director of the Marriott Library, University of Utah, Hanson (b. 1932) discusses his education, the library, and its future. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Ence (b. 1927) discusses her work with community fundraisers and her position with the University of Utah Alumni Association during the 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Smith (b. 1912) recalls her early life and education, her teaching, and the University of Utah Graduate School of Education. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Campbell (1905-1988) recalls his experiences in education and his position as an educator at the University of Utah during the 1940s-1950s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Thomas (b. 1912) discusses her involvement with the University of Utah Theater during the 1940s-1970s as well as her association with C. Lowell Lees, Maud May Babcock, and George Thomas. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Nielson (b. 1903) relates her acting experiences in local theater, the University of Utah Theater, and the Emma Lucy Gates Opera Company. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Greaves (b. 1907) discusses his early life and education, heading the Speech Department at the University of Utah, and his colleague C. Lowell Lees, 1940s-1960s. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Miller (b. 1911) and her sister, Dorothy Jacobson, discuss their theater experience in Salt Lake City during the 1940s-1950s with the Interstake Drama Group and the Deseret Theater. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Kimball (b. 1910) recalls his pioneer heritage and his early days in radio in Salt Lake City, Utah, and in Washington, D. C. He also discusses J. Golden Kimball, the Gardo House, Emma Lucy Gates, and other Salt Lake Theater actors. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Ghiselin (b. 1903) recalls his early life and education, his tenure with the Department of English at the University of Utah, his poetry and other publications, and the creative process in general. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Huefner (b. 1936) recalls his schooling at the University of Utah, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University. He discusses his work with local, state, and national groups on planning and public administration projects; his tenure at the University of Utah in the Political Science Department, and as Director of the Institute of Government and Center for Public Administration, and University's administration, 1972-1985. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Smyth recalls his academic background in chemistry at Princeton, 1920-1963; recounts his association there with Henry Eyring, 1930s-1940s; and gives his evaluation of Eyring as a scientist. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Nyswander recalls her early life and schooling; her work as professor of mathematics, University of Utah, 1926-1936; her work in public health, locally, nationally, and internationally, 1930s-1950s; and her participation in the 1950 Centennial Celebration at the University of Utah. Interviewer: Shauna Adix

Brown discusses his academic background in chemistry and chemical engineering, his time as an adjunct professor at the University of Utah, and his association with Henry Eyring and Melvin Cook. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Pitzer, professor of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, recalls his association with Henry Eyring and evaluates his work in chemistry. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Maxwell discusses Henry Eyring's work at the University of Utah, his work in the LDS Church and his contribution as a scientist. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Calvin discusses the contribution of Henry Eyring to the field of chemistry. Interviewer: Robert Miller

In a sermon and an interview Carl, former superintendent of the Dayton Ohio School District and former Mormon, discusses his attitude and the attitude of the school district toward the Mormon Church. Carl also addresses the issue of blacks and segregation. Interviewer: Fred S. Buchanan

Lee recalls her experiences running rivers including the Colorado, the Green, and the San Juan, 1940s-1960s. Interviewer: Roy Webb

Tyler (b. 1920) discusses his early life, his experiences with the History Department of the University of Utah, his involvement with the Western History Center (1960s), and the American West Center (1970s-1980s). Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Robertson (b. 1930) recalls his years as budget director at the University of Utah, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Madsen recalls his association with Philo Farnsworth and Farnsworth's work in developing television. Interviewer: Helen Gibbons

Seaborg recalls his work with and the contributions of Henry Eyring to the field of chemistry. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Frost, professor of chemistry at North Western recalls Henry Eyring's contributions to the field of chemistry. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Eyring recalls the work and home life of his father, Henry Eyring, 1930s-1970s. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Johnson (b. 1919) recalls his schooling, his early work, and his role as the state and later the University of Utah's first Records Manager. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Larson (b. 1910) recalls his career in radio and later television in Salt Lake, Washington D. C., New York and California, 1920s-1970s; and his association with entertainers--Al Jolson, Eddie Cantor, Milton Berle, and Fannie Brice among others. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Weller (b. 1921) recalls his early life in Germany and later in Salt Lake City; the establishment of Zions Book Store in 1929 by his father, Gustave Weller; his marriage and business partnership with his wife, Lila; and his career as a bookseller and proprietor of Zions Book Store, 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Sieg (b. 1937) recalls his college years; his work in the Development Office at the University of Utah during the administrations of presidents James Fletcher and David Gardner, 1960s-1970s; and his subsequent career as restauranteur in Salt Lake City, 1970s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Openshaw (b. 1918) recalls his early career in radio at KSL, 1940s; his work at KUTV television, 1940s-1950s; and his association with KUED, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Sherry Baker

Porter (1910-1986) recalls his early life in Salt Lake; information about the Porter Walton Nursery; living in Federal Heights, 1920s-1930s; mining and metallurgy in the Western United States, 1930s-1980s; mining and metallurgy in Southern Africa, 1940s-1980s; and uranium Development in Southern Africa and the United States, 1950s-1980s. Interviewers: Gregory C. Thompson, Floyd O'Neil

Sturges (b. 1917) recalls his early life in Iowa and later at the University of Utah, 1940s-1970s, where he headed both the University Press and the History Department. He discusses notable members of the University administration and faculty during that period. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Wheelwright (b. 1909) recalls his background, his membership on the Deseret Sunday School General Board, 1950s-1970s; his work as associate editor of the Instructor; and his association as editor with Henry Eyring. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Brumbaugh (b. 1912) recalls his early life and education; his association with the University of Utah in the Extension Division, as head of the Audio Visual Division, and as chairman of the Educational Media Department; and his work in instructional media with KUED as part of the U of U team which went to Ethiopia in the early 1960s. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Gordon Paxman (b. 1925) recalls his early life and education; his association with Willam Christensen, San Francisco Ballet, 1950-1959; his association with the development of dance at the University of Utah and the founding and functioning of Ballet West, 1959-1986. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Wilkins recalls her early life and education; women in the University of Utah's Law School, 1950s; and her time as a law clerk under Justices McDonaugh, Lewis, and Ritter, 1950s-1960s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Durham (b. 1917) recalls his early life, his interest in and life-long career in music, his education, and his association with the University of Utah as dean of Fine Arts and in other capacities, 1940s-1980s. He discusses his association with Maurice Abravanel, Jay Welch, Alvin Gittins, Avard Fairbanks, George Dibble, and others. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Harrison (b. 1910), a professor of Botany at Brigham Young University, 1930s-1970s, discusses evolution from his viewpoint, that of Brigham Young University, and of various Mormon church authorities. He recalls his association with Henry Eyring, Lorin Wheelwright, and others who served on the General Sunday School Board for the Mormon Church. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Bliss (b. 1921) recalls his early life, his education, and his tenure as chairman of the Department and later College of Architecture, University of Utah, 1963-1986. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Demars (b. 1910) recalls his early life in Brigham City, his education at the University of Utah , his career as an educator in the public schools (1930s), his tenure at the University of Utah in the College of Education, (1940s-1970s), and his establishment of the Utah School on Alcohol Studies and Other Drug Dependencies. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Morrey recalls his discussions with Henry Eyring about chemistry and religion and he evaluates Eyring's work as a scientist. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Heath (b. 1943) recalls his association with Henry Eyring during the 1970s when he met and studied with Eyring in preparation for writing his thesis, "Henry Eyring, Mormon Scientist," 1980. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Mostofi (b. 1921) recalls his early life and education in Iran; his graduate work at the University of Utah in political science, 1949; his teaching career at the University of Utah, 1950s-1960s; and his directorship of the Middle East Center, University of Utah, 1966-1983. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

White (b. 1920), with the National Bureau of Standards, recalls his undergraduate and graduate work with Henry Eyring at Princeton during the 1940s, and also evaluates Eyring's contributions to the area of chemistry. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Boyd (b. 1910) recalls his early education and professional work in the seminary system of the LDS church; his association with Sterling McMurrin; his marriage to Maurine Eyring; and his association with the Eyring family; and the views of certain prominent LDS church leaders toward evolution. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Richardson (b. 1917) recalls his career in the College of Business, University of Utah, 1950s-1980s; his work as a labor arbitrator; his role with the Institute of Industrial Relations and the Bureau of Economic Research at the University of Utah; the work of various deans of the College of Business; and his attitude toward removing the holdings of the College of Business and transfering them to the Marriott Library. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Wilson (b. 1918) recalls his early life and interest in the theater, generally, community theater in Salt Lake City specifically, his career with the Theater Department at the University of Utah, 1940s-1980s, and his association with the Lagoon Opera House. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

McMurrin (b. 1914) recalls his association with Henry Eyring at the University of Utah during the 1940s-1970s, discusses Eyring's tenure as dean of the Graduate School, comments on University events and its administration and Eyring's religious beliefs, and recounts his own experiences with the Mormon church and certain Mormon authorities. Interviewer: Robert Miller

McKean (b. 1919) recalls his early life and schooling; his work with and philosophy about the admissions program at the University of Utah; his evaluation of various presidents of the University of Utah, 1940s-1980s; and his responsibility for the construction of the campus Student Services Building in early 1980. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Lindsay (b. 1908), a sister of Philo Farnsworth, recalls Farnsworth's early life and education, his ideas about developing television, and his later work with IT&T. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Recollections by "Wizzy" Wissmar (b. 1910) of his background, his work at the University of Utah in athletics, and his later careers in oil and mining. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Skidmore(b. 1914) recalls his background and service to the University of Utah including his role as dean of the College of Social Work, 1956-1976. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Cooley (b. 1917) recalls his early life and schooling; Mormon missionary experience in Germany, 1938-1940; military service in the South Pacific, 1943-1945; his education at the University of Utah and University of Calafornia, Berkeley, 1951; association with the Utah State Historical Society, 1954-1969; the establishment of Special Collections, Marriott Library, University of Utah, 1969-1983; and his continued association with library programs--the Tanner book series, the Red Butte Press and the Everett L. Cooley Oral History Project. Interviewer: Margery Ward

Mattson (b. 1938) recalls his family, his education at the University of Utah, his career in development and fund raising at the University (1960s-1980s), and evaluates the administrations of James Fletcher, David P. Gardner, and Chase Peterson. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Wann (b. 1920) recalls his early life in Missouri; his military career in World War II; his graduate study in political science and his career at the University of Utah, 1968-1985. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Mayden (b. 1918) recalls her early life, schooling and work prior to coming to Salt Lake City in 1952 as a librarian at the Veterans Administration Hospital; her subsequent career as medical librarian at the University of Utah, 1966-1985; her development of the Eccles Medical Library; and the library-university politics during her tenure. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Engar (b. 1923) recalls his background and career at the University of Utah beginning with KUED and KUER, later chairman of the University's Department of Theater, followed by the deanship of the College of Fine Arts, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Recollections by Staveley (b. 1930) of his life's work running western rivers, the Green and the Colorado, from the 1940s to the present. Interviewer: Roy Webb

Robertson (1903-1990) describes her early life and family; her brother, Utah composer Leroy Robertson; her education; her teaching career on the elementary, secondary, and university levels; her work at Topaz, Utah, the Japanese internment camp during the 1940s; her work in Ethiopia in the 1960s; and her chairmanship of the Department of Elementary Education, University of Utah. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Hogan (b. 1906) discusses his pioneer ancestors; early life; education; Henry Eyring; and his association with General Electric, Yale Engineering School, and the University of Utah. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Hildreth (b. 1934) recalls his early life, education, and career at the University of Utah establishing the State Arboretum, 1977 to the present. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Kauzmann (b. 1915) discusses his early life and schooling, his career at Princeton, some of the leading theoretical chemists of the 1930s, and an evaluation of the contributions of Henry Eyring to the field of chemistry. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Hair (b. 1919) recalls her family, her education, and her career as a professor of library science and as librarian at the University of Utah, 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Hale (b. 1915) recalls his association with theater in Salt Lake City, 1950s-1970s; his work with Promised Valley Playhouse; the background on the Deseret Players; and the support of theater by the Mormon church. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Kaar (b. 1902) recalls his early experiments with radio in Salt Lake City ca. 1916; the establishment of KDYL radio, 1920s; the development of television; and his later work with Hoffman Electronics in California, 1950s-1960s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Parsons recalls his background and schooling in England, his arrival at the University of Utah, and his career in the Department of Education at the University. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Wilcox, daughter of Irma Felt Bitner, recalls her mother's life, 1888-1965; her career at KSL, 1930s-1940s; her work as a writer; and her work as Salt Lake City Recorder in the 1940s, during Earl Glade's tenure as mayor of Salt Lake City. Interviewer: Helen Gibbons

Snell (b. 1909) discusses staff members he knew at KDYL Radio and others he knew in broadcasting and associated fields, 1920s-1940s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

The Snells (b. 1909; b. 1910) recall their early life and work at KDYL radio, 1920s-1940s and their association with John Baldwin, Floyd Farr, Sid Fox, and others. Interviewers: Tim Larson, Gregory C. Thompson

Strahn (b. 1951) recalls her early life, nursing education, mid-wifery training at the University of Utah--evaluating the program, faculty, and other students--and the growth of nurse-midwifery in Utah, 1970s-1980s. Interviewer: Lisa Litton

Campbell (b. 1920) recalls his career in broadcasting at KSL and KUED, 1940s-1980s; teaching at the University of Utah, 1950s-1980s; and evaluates the role of women in broadcasting generally and specifically Alene Dalton, Margaret Masters, and Louise Hill Howe. Interviewer: Helen Gibbons

Cutler (b. 1904) recalls her education, her family life, and her career at the University of California, as dean of Home Economics at the University of Utah where she developed the Sterling Sill Home Living Center, at Brigham Young University, in Thailand, Ghana, and as a national consumer specialist with the appliance industry. Interviewer: Shauna Adix

Nokes (b. 1930) recalls her career in television at KSL and comments on many of the people employed at the station, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Carlston (b. 1911) recalls his early life and schooling; his career as professor of Health, Physical Education & Recreation, and Track; and comments on the role of athletics at the University of Utah, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Wahlquist (b. 1900) recalls his early life and schooling; his first teaching assignments in rural Utah; his tenure with the College of Education, University of Utah, 1930s-1950s (he evaluates University presidents--Thomas, Cowles, and Olpin); and his time as president of San Jose State University. Included is a list of Wahlquist's publications. Interviewer: John Wahlquist

Rasmussen (b. 1908) recalls his early life in Box Elder County, his education at the University of Utah and Stanford, his teaching at the University of Utah in the Department of Economics, and presents his evaluation of the college of Business. He also discusses his work with the university administration, his work on outside committees, and the successful careers of his children. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Samuelson recalls his schooling and his tenure at the University of Utah as a professor in the Department of Educational Psychology, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Harry Bluhm

Clayton recalls his long-time employment with KSL radio and television and later Bonneville International where he eventually became vice president of engineering. He discusses his work at KSL, people with whom he associated, the growth of the Bonneville system, and the many technical problems he dealt with, 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Fox (b. 1912), daughter of Mormon church General Authority, J. Reuben Clark, Jr., recalls her work at KSL, writing scripts and performing on the air; other women in radio in Salt Lake City; and her association with the Mormon church shortwave radio station, WRUL, which broadcast world-wide from Boston, 1930s-1940s. Interviewer: Helen Gibbons

Barberi (b. 1943) recalls his early life in California, including his first jobs in radio; expounds on his career in Salt Lake City with KALL radio, 1971 to the present; and speculates about the new directions in radio. Interviewer: Glenda Riesen

Johnson, professor emeritus of biology at Princeton and long-time colleague of Henry Eyring, recalls his professional and personal association with Eyring. He also discusses their work on pressure, temperature, and narcosis; and Johnson's work on bacterial luminescence; and evaluates Eyring's contributions to science. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Fuller recounts his association as a student and later colleague of Henry Eyring, 1950s-1980s. He evaluates Eyring's contributions as a researcher, teacher, and human being who was almost equally devoted to his science as well as his Mormon religion. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Lees (b. 1903) remembers her early life, pioneer heritage, and work in the theater under Maude May Babcock at the University and later in Salt Lake and New York drama groups. She also discusses her marriage to C. Lowell Lees, his many accomplishments including staging the first showing of Promised Valley, following with summer festival productions in the "U" stadium, the beginnings of ballet on campus, and outlines his career in California. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

McMurrin discusses Henry Eyring in great detail--his work, religion, and also in a personal context. He also discusses early seminary teaching, anthropomorphism, BYU, and perspectives on evolution. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Dooley (b. 1933) recalls his early years in Arkansas, his marriages and family, his move to Salt Lake in 1963, his work in civil rights, his presidency of the NAACP in Utah, the situation of blacks in Utah, the attitude of the Mormon church towards blacks, and the Ku Klux Klan in Utah during the years 1963-1983. Interviewer: Leslie Kelen

Fisher (b. 1925) recalls his personal and educational background; his work in political science and geography; chairmanship of the Geography Department, 1960-1970; and evaluates the department and his colleagues, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Professor of Communications, Adamson, recalls his first jobs in radio in Salt Lake, his later jobs as president of both the California and Washington divisions of Bonneville International, and his return to Salt Lake as CEO of KSL, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Peterson discusses his career at KALL radio and as president of Intermountain Network, and his work with George Hatch, president of Communications Investment Corporation, which owns KALL and the Intermountain Network along with other communications properties, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Woolley (b. 1919) recalls his early schooling, World War Two military service, and his career in radio and later television in Idaho, California, and Utah where he became general manager of Channel 4 television (later KTVX). He discussed the importance of programming, especially the news and local historical figures in broadcasting such as Sid Fox and G. Bennett Larson, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Frobes (b. 1912) recalls her childhood as a non-Mormon in Salt Lake; her attendance at Westminster, then a high school; her work on the undergraduate and graduate levels at the University of Utah; and her career as dean of women, dean of students and vice president of student affairs, University of Utah. She discusses the administrations of Presidents Olpin, and Fletcher and the changes in the studentbody, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Anderton (b. 1920) discusses his work as an engineer at KALL radio, 1940s-1950s; his work at KSL as chief engineer, 1950s-1980s; the Farnsworth Peak transmitter; and the danger of radiation from the equipment. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Bennion (b. 1918) recalls his early life and education at East High School and the University of Utah where he served in student body offices and was a ranked tennis player. He discusses his father, Adam S. Bennion, and a business associate, Obert C. Tanner, and provides his evaluation of the perception of the University by the Salt Lake business community. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Goodman (b. 1913) recalls his work at a New York City radio station in news, 1930s-1940s; at KALL radio as news director, 1940s-1950s; at the Salt Lake Tribune as a writer, and a stringer for Newsweek and the New York Times, 1950s-1970s; news director for KDYL, 1950s; writer for Evans Advertising, 1960s; news director, KUTV, 1960s; and his present work as a book reviewer and architectural critic, Salt Lake Tribune. Interviewers: Roy Gibson, Tim Larson

Mainwaring recalls her nursing education in Logan, Utah; her work in establishing the University of Utah nursing program; her graduate schooling; and her later work in beginning a baccalaureate program in nursing at Weber State College, 1930s-1970s. Interviewer: Bonnie C. Clayton

Bilger recalls her nursing education in Portland Oregon; Columbia University; Marquette University; and her directorship of the graduate program in nursing at the University of Utah, 1930s-1970s. Interviewer: Bonnie C. Clayton

Glade, Jr., recalls the pioneering radio work of his father, Earl J. Glade, Sr. at KSL in the 1920s; relates stories about early broadcasting in Salt Lake; his work at KSL, 1920s-1930s; the entry of George Hatch in broadcasting, 1930s; radio and TV work in Boise, Idaho, 1940s-1960s; BYU director of broadcast services, 1960s-1970s; and the history of the Utah Broadcasters Association, 1950s to the present. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Hodson (b. 1909) recalls his early life, schooling, and business career; schooling at Harvard and Stanford; and his career at the University of Utah in the areas of budgeting and planning during the administrations of Presidents Leroy Cowles, A. Ray Olpin, James Fletcher, Fred Emery, and David P. Gardner. Appendices to the interview are papers by Hodson on the reasons for the demise of the Salt Lake Theater and the development of the Dimple Dell Ranchettes. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Olpin (b. 1940) recalls his life growing up in California, his relationship with his uncle, A. Ray Olpin; his student days at the University of Utah, 1950s; schooling at Boston University; his academic career and colleagues at the University of Utah, and his work as dean of the College of Fine Arts, University of Utah, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Malouf (b. 1919) recalls his education; his career at the University of Utah Counseling Center; his teaching in the Educational Psychology Department, University of Utah; the development of counseling education at the University and in the community; and discusses colleagues and students with whom he worked. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Clyde (b. 1917) recalls his early life and education; his academic work at the College of Law, University of Utah, his friendship with Willis Ritter, many of his law cases--particularly those having to do with water and natural resources; and the development of Las Vegas. He also discusses his role as a member of the University of Utah's Board of Regents and Institutional Council and comments about his personal value system. Copies of speeches and resume are attached. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Richards (b. 1916) recalls his early career at KSL radio in the late 1930s; his return to KSL after the war; his participation in the establishment of KSL television; and his career in sales and promotion--first with Dahnken's, later the Cottonwood Mall, and finally with the ZCMI center. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Hemmert (b. 1923) recalls her work as a bookkeeper-copywriter at KBRV a radio station in Soda Springs, Idaho, 1950s; later work at KVEL, Vernal, Utah; and her association with the Utah Broadcasters Association of which she served as state president in 1977. Interviewer: Carl Stuart Fauver

Bleak (b. 1913), a cousin to Dale Morgan, recalls Morgan's early life and later career as a researcher and noted writer. Interviewers: Everett L. Cooley, Della Dye

Carman (b. 1909) recalls his experiences in Utah radio broadcasting, 1920s-1970s; and his ownership of KUTV and several radio stations in surrounding states. Among his Salt Lake stations were KUTA, later KLUB and KISN. Memorable colleagues were Earl J. Glade, Reed Bullen, Arch Madsen, Leland Perry, and George Hatch. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Richards recalls his experiences in Utah broadcasting first at KSL radio, then KSL television, and finally at Channel Four. He was program director and writer and producer of television commercials. Memorable colleagues were Jackie Nokes, Bob Welti, and Danny Rainger, 1940s-1970s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Hayes (b. 1911) recalls her early interest and later education and training in dance and her long career, 1940s-1980s, at the University of Utah where she established modern dance as a major. She discusses several of her students and colleagues at the University, especially Joan Woodbury and Shirley Ririe, and speaks candidly about the difficulties in making the University a center for dance. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Walker (b. 1917), emeritus professor, of English, recalls his rural Utah upbringing; his education at the University of Utah and the University of Minnesota, and his career in the Department of English, University of Utah, 1950s-1970s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Welti (b. 1925) recalls his early life in Logan, Utah, his introduction to radio broadcasting in Logan, his service during World War II as a Navy pilot; and his career at Channel 4 and later Channel 5 television in Salt Lake City. He discusses KSL colleagues and his advertising business. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Logan (b. 1940), professor of special education and educational psychology and former head of the Department of Special Education, discusses his work and that of others in the Graduate School of Education, University of Utah, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Harry Bluhm

Gnemi (b. 1930), vice president for Administrative Services, University of Utah, recalls his early life growing up in Idaho; his career as a CPA working in several areas of the county; his work at Steiner American Corporation, 1960s; Telemation, 1960s; and his role at the University of Utah, 1970s. Included with the interview is a 37- page "Profile of Administrative Services," 1988. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Brinton (b. 1915) recalls his early life in Mount Pleasant; his career in the insurance industry in Salt Lake City, 1940s-1980s; and his service on the University of Utah's Board of Regents and the Institutional Council. He discusses clients, University administrators, and subjects that came before the Regents and the Council. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Jacknow (b. 1937), a former student of Henry Eyring, recalls his early schooling and his graduate work under Eyring at the University of Utah, 1959-1963. He discusses Eyring as a scientist, professor, and administrator, and also voices his opinion on Eyring's approach to religion and work. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Drew (b. 1943) recalls his early life in Oregon, his graduate work in special education and educational psychology, and his faculty appointments at Kent State and the University of Texas prior to his appointment at the University of Utah in 1971. He discusses the administration of the College of Education, the college's relationship with the University administration, and notable students. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Faust (b. 1918) recalls his education, military service, graduate work, and his tenure at the University of Utah in the College of Education--specializing in Comparative Education. He also discusses the deanships of Wahlquist, Orton, and Hencley, the building of Milton Bennion Hall; and issues facing the college, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Purdy (b. 1921) recalls his life growing up in coal mining camps in Wyoming and Utah; World War II experiences as a pilot; and teaching in Salt Lake City and Manila, Utah, prior to becoming a teacher and later headmaster at Rowland Hall-St. Marks in Salt Lake City. He discusses his work at Rowland Hall and his theories about education. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

McDonald (b. 1914) recalls his childhood, education at Utah State University, tenure as USU Alumni Association executive secretary, and organizer and first director of Utah Retirement System, the Utah State Public Employees Association. Included with the transcript are his vita, summaries of various retirement bills he was responsible for seeing enacted by the Utah Legislature, 1950s-1970s, and the minutes from the first organized meeting establishing UPEA. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Small (b. 1922) recalls his early career in radio at KUTA and later work at KSL radio on-the-air and then sales for KSL radio and television, 1960s-1980s. He discusses Paul Harvey, Frank Carman, Ken Samson, Joe Kjar, Arch Madsen, Jack Adamson, Duane Hill, Brent Parrish, Herb Jepko, and others. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Lowe (b. 1917), professor emeritus of family and consumer studies at the University of Utah, recalls her early life and education, her career at the University, the administrative discrimination faced by women on the faculty, and her international studies. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Erdman (b. 1929) recalls his background and schooling, his first years at the University of Utah as a faculty member, his chairmanship of the Department of Special Education, and his deanship of the College of Education, 1976-1983. Interviewer: Harry Bluhm

Anderson (b. 1940), president and general manager of Eastern Utah Broadcasting (KOAL and KARB) recalls his role as a broadcaster, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Temple (b. 1921) recalls his career in broadcasting at Washington State with KREM radio and television; KTVI-television in St. Louis; KGMB, in Hawaii; and KUTV in Salt Lake City. He provides an overview of broadcast marketing and Utah's Hatch family broadcast holdings. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Clawson (b. 1917), retired program director at KSL television recalls his early work at KSL radio, 1930s; and his career in television, 1940s-1980s; and television technology, programming, facilities, and personnel at both KSLs. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Tolboe (b. 1910), a retired general contractor, and his wife, Euniece, recall the Tolboe's ownership of radio station KOVO in Provo (1930s-1940s); and their association with Abe Glassman and Arch Madsen. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Jex (b. 1920) recalls the development of and his tenure with the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Utah, university politics, and his work in prediction research, 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Harry Bluhm

Mallonee (b. 1898) discusses her early career in Salt Lake City as an actress in local productions, 1920s; her subsequent roles in radio with the KSL Players and other shows, 1930s-1950s; teaching at the University of Utah, 1940s-1960s; and the work of her colleagues. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Bitter (b. 1921) recalls his schooling in special education, his emphasis on education for the deaf and the many controversies surrounding that issue, and his work with the LDS church and community groups in educating the handicapped. Interviewer: Harry Bluhm

Kontgas (b. 1908) recalls his work as a telegrapher at radio station KDYL, 1929-1930; and his W W II service as a telegrapher; people he knew in broadcasting--Sid Fox, George Snell, Philip Lasky; and his later life in Price, Utah. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Hatch (b. 1935) recalls his childhood in Vernal, his education, military service, and his career in broadcasting at KSL and KIRO. He provides information about Bonneville International, the holding company for the LDS church, and management figures such as Arch Madsen, Lloyd Cooney, etc. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Hess (b. 1919) recalls his early life, his schooling, his tenure in the Department of Educational Studies, 1940s-1980s, and the administrations of the deans of the College of Education--John T. Wahlquist, Asael Woodruff, Steven Henckley, and Don Orton. Interviewer: Calvin Harris

Rogers (b. 1918) recalls his childhood, his education through graduate school, his years of teaching religion and the difficulties experienced with the Wilkinson administration at BYU, and the academic climate at the University of Utah (1960 to present). He discusses the influence of Heber Snell, Sterling McMurrin, Waldemer Read, etc., and evaluates University Presidents, Olpin, Fletcher, and Gardner. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Crookston discusses his career at KUTV doing propwork and eventually as creative director, his presidency of the Salt Lake Advertising Club, and various people he worked with, including George Hatch. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Goss (b. 1943) recalls his background and education in the East, his tenure in the College of Architecture, University of Utah from 1970; his work in architectural preservation; his opinion of the Marriott Library; and his feelings about the local culture. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Urie (b. 1919) recalls growing up in southern Utah; working at KSUB radio in Cedar City as an operator, manager, and chief engineer, (1938-1950s), his education at Branch Agriculture College and later at the University of Utah; and his association at Weber State College in the Department of Electronics (1958-1984). Interviewer: Tim Larson

Pierson (b. 1904) recalls his career at the University of Utah, 1930s-1970s--his role as dean of students, student unrest, and the establishment of the Student Counseling Program and the Department of Educational Psychology. Interviewer: George Pierson

Higbee recalls his early experiences with and the establishment of KSUB radio in Cedar City, Utah, 1940-1948; his work at KCPX radio and KTVT television, Salt Lake City, 1948-1950; and his appointment as professor and director of Telecommunications, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 1959-1987. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Briem (b. 1930) recalls his career in radio beginning as a teenager in Ogden, Utah, at KLO; KUTA/KLUB, Salt Lake City; KING, Seattle; and KLAC and KABC, Los Angeles. He discusses the communications training he received during army service (1950s); and the talk radio format for which he has become well-known in L.A. and in syndication. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Lasky (b. 1902) recalls his early days in radio in Denver at KFEL as announcer, engineer, etc., and his move to Salt Lake where he helped Sid Fox to successfully market KDYL radio, 1927-1935. He discusses Sid Fox, Ben Larson, George Snell, and other early radio pioneers in the Salt Lake area. Interviewers: Tim Larson, Gregory C. Thompson

Collipriest (b. 1926) discusses his career in radio broadcasting both on-the-air and marketing. He recalls incidents and personalities at KUTA, KLUB, and KSUW, a commercial short-wave station. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Brixen (b. 1927) recalls his background and education in architecture; his work as head of Campus Planning, University of Utah, 1950s-1960s; private practice as an architect in Salt Lake City, 1960s-1980s; and his assessment of architecture on the campus and in the Salt Lake community. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Cannon (b. 1902) recalls growing up in a polygamous family in the Forest Dale section of Salt Lake City; his law education at Columbia; his law practice, 1920s-1980s--particularly mining cases representing the Jesse Knight family; the financial power of the Mormon church; and his views on the fiscal policies of the government. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Calderwood (b. 1924) recalls his career in radio as a child performer at KSL, and his continuing work at stations KSL, KDYL, KMUR and later at television stations KCPX and KSL. He was part of the first television demonstration in Salt Lake in 1939. His career covered sixty years of broadcasting in Salt Lake--1920s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

In a telephone interview, Cooney recalls his early broadcast career with KSL radio, ca. 1955-1964; his later career at KIRO, Seattle, 1964-1980; his campaign for the U. S. Senate from Washington, 1980; and becoming a broadcast consultant, 1980 to the present. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Stewart (b. 1916) recalls her family history, marriage, career as a librarian, and her philosophy of Unitarianism. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Mayden r(b. 1923) ecalls her career as a librarian at the Veterans Administration Hospital; establishing the Eccles Medical Library, University of Utah, 1950s-1980s; and her association with the Unitarian church, Salt Lake City, 1950s-1980s. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Roe (b. 1921) recalls his early life and association with the Mormon church, his education, and some about his career as a lawyer. He reflects on his reason for leaving the Mormon church, his beliefs about religion in general, and his association with the Unitarian church, Salt Lake City. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Mulder (b. 1915) recalls his family and personal history, early life in Salt Lake, education, military service, Scandinavian studies, four sojourns in India, responsibilities at the University of Utah including his editorship of the Western Humanities Review, his work with the establishment of the Middle East Center, tenure as a faculty member of the English Department, and association with the "Swearing Elders." Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Wilson (b. 1898) discusses his career and concerns as a Unitarian minister, 1928-1980s (Salt Lake City, 1946-1949); his work as executive director of the American Humanist Association, 1949-1963; and his philosophy of religion. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Zwick (b. 1920) recalls his musical career, his work with Maurice Abravanel and the Utah Symphony, and his philosophy of Unitarianism. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Ormsby (b. 1920) recalls her personal and family history and some of her activities in the Unitarian church, Salt Lake City, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Wineriter (b. 1925) discusses his personal life, his association with and philosophy about Unitarianism, and particularly his activities in the First Unitarian Church of Salt Lake City. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Carpenter (b. 1927) recalls his career in engineering for television broadcasting, 1950s-1980s--his positions with Frank Carman and George Hatch, KUTV and as a consultant nationally and internationally as a television broadcast engineer. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Zwick (b. 1914 recalls her personal history, activities in various Salt Lake civic organizations, and her association with the Unitarian church in Salt Lake City. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Perri (b. 1913) recalls his family history and his work in the ski industry in Utah, 1940s-1980s. He discusses the designing and installing of ski lifts at Brighton, Park City, and Solitude ski resorts. Much of the interview centers around his work at Brighton and with Zane Doyle. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Clark Wilson (b. 1914) recalls his personal and family history, mining in turn-of-the-century Utah because of the involvement of his father, R. C. Wilson, banking in Salt Lake, 1920s-1950s, and his involvement in mining in the Park City area, 1930s-1980s, Lead-Zinc lobbying activities in Washington D. C., 1960s, and Park City skiing, 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Floyd O'Neil, Gregory C. Thompson

Wright (b. 1941) discusses her personal and family life and her participation in the Unitarian church, Salt Lake City, 1970s-1980s. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Brunvand (b. 1933) recalls his family life, education, and academic career. He discusses his professional colleagues; the administration of the Department of English, University of Utah, 1960s-1990; foreign study; and his work in folklore, especially his work with urban legends. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Murdoch (b. 1931) recalls his early life and schooling; his family, especially his father Lennox Murdoch, KSL television station manager in the late 1940s; his involvement in promotion and management of KSL television; and many individuals who worked at KSL, 1940s-1980s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Linden (b. 1908) recalls coming to the United States from Hungary, the difficulties she encountered in her life; and joining the Unitarian church, 1930s. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Barbara Samuels (b. 1911) was interviewed by Larson and Miller in July, 1989. She recalls her family, education, and work with her husband, Leo T. Samuels, a noted endocrinologist, (ca.1910-1978), who was at the University of Utah from 1944-1978. Dr. Samuels headed the Department of Biochemistry at the University Medical School, 1944-1964. Mrs. Samuels discusses her association with and views about Unitarianism. She was interviewed in November by Everett Cooley. Topics covered in this interview include her marriage to Leo and their life together, his work at the university, the development of the medical school, Leo's research and recognitions, cultural life in Utah, being a gentile in Mormon culture, and Barbara's community involvement. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller, and Everett Cooley

Rees (b. 1912) recalls his personal history; experiences as a recording engineer at KSL; his work with the Tabernacle Choir, 1930s-1950s; his business, Recording Arts, 1950s-1980s; and his leadership positions in the Mormon church, 1960s-1980s. He discusses various prominent people he was associated with including Arch Madsen, Earl J. Glade, Alexander Schriener, Harvey Fletcher, and Gordon B. Hinckley. Interviewer: Linda Davies

LeCheminant (b. 1902) recalls her early family life in Manti, Utah; her education; first and second marriages; her work as a teacher; her affiliation with the Unitarian church; association with Unitarian ministers; and her philosophy of Unitarianism. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Gogins (b. 1937) recalls her association with the Unitarian church, Salt Lake City, 1960s-1980s; her business career; civic involvement; and her family. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Kjar (b. 1920) recalls his long association with KSL and Bonneville International, 1950s-1980s; his working relationship with many of the administrative personnel in these organizations, with Arch Madsen and the relationship of the Mormon church with KSL and Bonneville. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Coburn (b. 1918) recalls his career in radio in Salt Lake City, 1940s-1980s as an announcer, DJ and later program director at KUTA, KALL, KNAK, and KLUB; and various radio personalities including Frank Carman, Frank McIntyre, and members of the "Fabulous Five," at KLUB radio during the 1950s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Hunter (b. 1919) recalls his personal history and his professional career at the University of Utah--professor, College of Education; chairman of the Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation; dean of the College of Health. He discusses the presidents of the university between 1960s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Hansen (b. 1920) discusses his tenure with the Department of Education and the College of Education, University of Utah, 1950s-1980s. He headed the department and worked closely with the University's central administration. Interviewer: Harry Bluhm

Stewart (b. 1912) recalls his family history and education and discusses communism, civil rights, discrimination, and the co-op and union movements in Utah. He briefly discusses his membership in the Unitarian Church, Salt Lake City. Interviewer: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Hill (b. 1927) recalls speech education classes at the University of Utah, 1950; KSL television production work, 1951-1955; KUTV program director, 1955-1960; program director and marketing for KSL television, 1960-1984; director of advertising for American Stores, 1984-1986 and currently president of Duane Hill Marketing Concepts. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Smart recalls his family life; education; and career at the Deseret News, 1940s-1980s. He discusses issues of community concern, policies and people at the paper, other Utah publications, and people who have influenced him. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Rock (b. 1935) recalls his family and personal history growing up on a dairy farm in Wisconsin; his education; academic career, especially his tenure in the Department of Economics, University of Utah, 1960s-1990s. He discusses department politics and personalities and his community involvement with the NAACP and one of its leaders, Alberta Henry. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Morton (b. 1916) recalls the development of skiing and the ski industry, 1930s-1980s--first at Brighton and later at Alta; operating the Alta ski lifts; the skiing philosophy practiced at Alta; and many of the individuals involved at Alta including Alf Engen and Joe Quinney. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Lee (b. 1920) recalls his career in radio and television broadcasting in Utah, 1940s-1980s, at stations KOVO, KDYL, KNAK, KCPK, Channel 4, and finally Channel 13. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Wolsey (b. 1920) recalls his work at Gillham Advertising, Brigham Young University, and KSL television in sales and management. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Peterson (b. 1939) recalls his parents' interest in skiing; his racing career; skiing at Alta, Brighton, and Park City; and his sporting goods business in Park City. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Lundberg (b. 1939) recalls skiing as a youngster; teaching programs for children; joining Alta as assistant ski school director; involvement in standardizing the techniques of ski instruction and certification; and membership nationally and internationally in ski instructors' associations. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Peterson (1928-1990) recalls his family and personal history, musical training, operatic career in Europe and the United States, and his return to Utah in 1975 where he established Utah Opera Company. There is a discussion of his experiences with the company, 1975-1990, as fund raiser, performer, and director. Interviewer: Wanda Mae Robinson

Bertilson ( b. 1935) and her daughter, Kathryn (b. 1964) discuss their family life, education and feelings about Unitarianism. Kathryn details her service in the Peace Corps in Honduras, ca. 1986-1988. Interviewer: Stan Larson

Newman (b. 1915) recalls her personal and family history, her education, work as a teacher, her community and civic work as a leader in the League of Women Voters, her membership in several important governmental committees, and her reasons for joining the Unitarian church. She also discusses her poetry. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Roe (b. 1921) recalls her personal and family history, civic and community work, her employment as secretary to A. Ray Olpin (1946-1950), and her work as head of the Utah Council for Handicapped and Developmentally Disabled Person, 1972-1986. She also discusses her membership in the Unitarian church. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

White (b. 1924) recalls his education and his career in radio and television in Utah (Ogden, KLO), Colorado (Denver, KIM), and Hawaii (Honolulu, KGMB), 1940s-1980s. Most of the time he worked for Cecil Heftel, a son-in-law of Abe Glassman and brother-in-law of George Hatch. White describes his role as an on-the-air personality and discusses the personalities of Glassman, Hatch, and Heftel. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Earl (b. 1917) and Gladys recall the history of organized skiing at Snow Basin, Weber County, Utah, 1930s-1950s, where they operated a ski school and concessions. They list a number of people with whom they were associated, such as the Engen and Eccles families. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Dalebout (b. 1930) discusses his skiing career and the development and marketing of his custom manufactured ski boot, the Daleboot. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Samuels (b. 1894) discusses his early life and education; the establishment of the four-year College of Medicine, University of Utah; his work and research in biochemistry and endocrinology and his career at the University, 1940s-1970s. Interviewers: Hans K. Jacobs, Clarence Stover

Creer (b. 1902) recalls her family, personal history, and the career of her husband Leland Creer, who headed the history department at the University of Utah, 1940s-1960s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

McDonald (b. 1942) recalls her introduction to skiing, her racing career, people she knew in skiing, and the benefits she received as a result of her being an Olympic contender in 1964. Interviewer: Joe Arave

McNulty (b. 1918) discusses his education, experiences as a German prisoner of war during W W II, and his career in the Biology Department, University of Utah, 1940s-1980s; the career of Walter Cottam, University faculty member in the Department of Biology, 1930s-1970s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Parmley (b. 1897) recalls his family history; his education as a physicist; and his career at the University of Utah, 1920s-1970s, where he headed the Department of Physics for a number of years. He recounts being alive during the tenures of all the University of Utah presidents and discusses those he knew, as well as academic freedom at the University, and the founding of the Aztec Club. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Miller (b. 1921) recalls his personal and family history, his treatment for a tubercular hip, his love of tennis, his pride in his children and their accomplishments, his membership in the Mormon church, and his later affiliation with the Unitarian church. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

Carlisle (b. 1920) recalls her personal and family history; career with the Foreign Service; business career in Salt Lake--particularly her work at Tracy Collins Bank; her involvement in Democratic politics; service in the Utah Legislature, 1970s; and in Women's issues, particularly the ERA. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Hinckley (b. 1933) recalls her friendship with Fawn McKay Brodie and her husband Bernard and provides an evaluation of them as a couple, parents, writers and scholars and also discusses her thoughts about Fawn Brodie's relationship to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Taylor (b. 1906) recalls his correspondence with Fawn McKay Brodie and discusses her writing as well as Carl Carmer's , in relation to Mormonism and his thoughts about Brodie's Mormonism. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

McKay (b. 1917) recalls his early family life in Huntsville, Utah, and relations with his sister Fawn McKay Brodie, as well as her attitude towards Mormonism and her scholastic achievements. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Larson (b. 1946) recalls his Latter-day Saint childhood in Idaho as well as his mission; later recalls his studies throughout his doctorate program and afterwards, along with current projects and church standing. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

Mrs. Wintrobe (b. 1905) recalls her childhood in Canada as well as her schooling through college and her marriage to Dr. Maxwell M. Wintrobe; moving to Utah and his work at the University of Utah medical school. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Seeholzer (b. 1905) recalls her early ski episodes with her husband and the beginnings of Beaver Mountain with the early ski tows and later chair lifts. She also discusses running a family business and hiring instructors and ski patrol. Interviewer: Joseph Arave

Lorenz (b. 1924) recalls his father's background and coming to Utah, as well as his own background in skiing and work in Utah's ski industry as an instructor and administrator and later incorporation of his business, the greater Salt Lake Ski School. Interviewer: Joseph Arave

Gaddis (b. 1940) recalls growing up in Salt Lake City and his early interests in golf and skiing, as well as races he's won and awards he's received along with his promotion of ski racing for juniors. Interviewer: Joseph Arave

Harris (b. 1908) recalls his early experiences and interest in boating; cataract boats, motorboats, and river running with inflatables. Interviewer: Roy Webb

Menderhausen (b. 1910) recalls his association with Bernard Brodie and a slight social relationship with Fawn Brodie as well through the RAND Corporation. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Barber (b. 1950), the Director of Demographic & Economic Analysis for the Utah Office of Planning & Budget recalls his involvement in the first and second Utah Olympic bids in the 1980s and his chairmanship of the Utah Winter Games organization in the late 1980s. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Hewitt (b. 1909) recalls his career as a mining engineer at Columbia University and later his career with American Smelting and Refining Company and describes mining exploration in Nevada. Later he headed the Utah Heological and Mineralogical Survey, which was a project of both the state government and the University of Utah. Interviewer: Floyd O'Neil

Gillilan (b. 1934) recalls his preparation for and service as a Methodist minister as well as his resignation from the Methodist church and service as a Unitarian minister. He also discusses his activities as a professsor at Westminister, the University of Utah, and his private practice as a psychologist. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

Dr. Wopert recalls his professional and personal association with Fawn and Bernard Brodie while the three of them worked as UCLA faculty together. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

McDonald (b. 1899) recalls attending the Training School at the University of Utah and her career as a first grade teacher primarily in the Salt Lake District. She also discusses the problems of minority children as well as the influence of Mormonism in Utah education. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Carpenter (b. 1915) recalls early skiing in Summit County during the 1920s-1930s, his later establishment of the Snow Park ski area during the 1940s-1960s, which is the area of where Deer Valley was later established. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Lash (b. 1928) recalls his work with Claude Jones, skiing in Utah and Idaho, as well as his books on ski instruction and the establishment of the Intermountain Ski Instructors' Association and the Professional Ski Instructors Association. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Varela, a staff member of Utah's Board of Regents recalls her involvement in defeating first the tax initiatives which would have impacted Utah's education and second to promote and win approval for the Utah Olympic bid in the late 1980s. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Coombs, a professor of History at the University of Utah and board member of the Unitarian Church in Salt Lake City during the 1970s, recalls his personal background as well as his interest and participation in the Unitarian Church from the 1960s to the 1980s. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

William (b. 1912) and Evangeline Monroe recall their childhoods, educations and religious backgrounds, as well as moving to Salt Lake City in the 1920's and later joining the Unitarian Church. Interviewer: Stan Larson

J. R. (b. 1922) and Martha (b. 1921) recall their respective families, their Unitarian heritage and long association with the Unitarian Church mainly in Salt Lake City and California. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

Bernstean, a professor of political science at UCLA recalls his personal and professional relationship with Fawn McKay Brodie and her husband, Bernard Brodie. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

The Stewarts and their daughter JoAnn recall their establishment and operation of Timphaven Ski Resort and the later establishment of Sundance Ski Resort by Robert Redford. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Rogger, a professor of history at UCLA, responds to questions about his personal and professional relationships with Fawn McKay Brodie and her husband Bernard. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Loewenberg (b. 1933) recalls his association with Fawn McKay Brodie and her husband Bernard, through the Department of History at UCLA and in group discussions about psychoanalytical biography as a genre. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Korsch-Ward (b. 1921) recalls her friendship with Fawn McKay Brodie and her husband Bernard, whom she met as neighbors and later helped Fawn with her widowhood and in 1981, she helped Fawn during her last ordeal with cancer, as she was a medical doctor. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Movitz (b. 1925) recalls his extensive background with skiing leading to the 1948 Loympics. He discusses skiing for the Army during WWII and his involvement in the sport after his racing career. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Eldredge (b. 1915) recalls his association with Promised Valley Playhouse, its establishment and development as well as the role played by the Mormon church in the creation of this theater. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Brophy (b. 1929) recalls his Kearns family background, the family interest in broadcasting and newspaper publishing, as well as personal insight into his personal background. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Paige (b. 1903) recalls his work in theatre and later broadcasting with Mutual Network in New York City and Washington D.C., and later moving to Salt Lake City to help George Hatch in establishing the Intermountain Network. Interviewers: Afton Paige, Tim Larson

Bounous (b. 1925) recalls his early interest in skiing, teaching with Alf Engen and directing ski schools at Sugar Bowl in California, Timphaven/Sundance and Snowbird, as well as the development of the American Technique. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Lehmann (b. 1947) recalls his growing up in Salt Lake City, early career in broadcasting and later working for KNAK and KCPX. He later began writing, creating and developing television programs on a national level. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Anderson (b. 1936) recalls his early life and participation in the Mormon church, his later disillusionment with the Mormon Church and subsequent affiliation with the Unitarian Church and service on the Board of Trustees at the First Unitarian Church in Salt Lake City. Interviewers: Stan Larson, Lorille Miller

The Goodros (b. 1916; b. 1920) recall their early interests in skiing and later endeavors by Harold working with the Ski Patrol at Alta for 50 years, Utah Power and Light and the University of Utah ski program. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Smith (b. 1916) recalls the establishment of skiing at Brighton, World War II service in the 10th Mountain Division, skiing in Japan, and further development of skiing at Brighton. Interviewer: Gregory C. Thompson

Wintrobe recalls coming to Utah to head the Department of Medicine at the University of Utah Medical School in 1943 and all aspects regarding his career. Interviewer: Leonard Jarcho

Hogan recalls the establishment and development of the Aztec Club at the University of Utah, 1920s-1930s.

Jarcho, Professor Emeritus of Neurology at the University of Utah, talks about his early family life in New York City, and about his education, including Harvard, Columbia, and his internship at Beth Israel. He recalls his army service in World War II, stationed at Fort Dix, in Manila, and on Guadalcanal. Details of his long career in medicine include a residency at Mount Sinai, Neurological studies with primates, a fellowship at Johns Hopkins, assistant chief of medicine at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in Salt Lake City, NIH training in London, and the development of a Department of Neurology at the University of Utah. Topics also covered include discrimination, Eleanor Roosevelt, autopsies, Max Wintrobe, the importance of taking a good medical history, living in Salt Lake City, and problems in modern medical practice. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Brockbank (b. 1927) recalls the radio soap operas of her childhood, her early career in radio, and working for KFEL TV in Denver. She worked at KLUB Radio in Salt Lake City for a number of years before moving to California, where she did TV commercials. She also worked in public relations. Other topics include the Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters organization, Frank Carmen, and various people in the broadcast industry. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Knowlton (1919-1991) recalls his childhood in Holladay, Utah. He also describes his education, military service, and early teaching experiences. He also talks about his two years in Brazil doing research for his thesis on the Syrian and Lebanese immigrant population there. Other topics covered include ethnic turmoil in New Mexico, studying illegal immigrants, teaching at the University of Texas at El Paso, being investigated for subversive activities, creation of the University of Utah Minorities Program, Minority endeavors in Utah, problems in the U of U sociology department, and personal achievements and disappointments. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Interviewer: Newell G. Bringhurst

Brimhall, an uncle of Fawn McKay Brodie, recalls his impressions of her as a child. He talks about her book , and about the reaction to it within the family. He also talks about various people in the Brimhall and McKay families, their genealogy, histories, and how the families related to one another.

Hamson (b. 1916) recalls his childhood in Depression-era Salt Lake City, going to work for KDYL radio in 1946, Allen Gunderson, KDYL-TV, Ben Larsen, David Evans, real estate, and his association with Harry Golub. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Reverend Goldsmith of the Unitarian Church, recalls his youth and religious education, discusses Unitarian philosophy, and speculates on the future of Unitarianism in Utah. Interviewers: Lorille Miller, Stan Larson

Davis (b. 1924), director of the Utah State library, talks about his childhood in rural Idaho, his LDS mission to New England, libray science at Utah State University and Michigan State, establishing the Utah State library system, the bookmobile project, regional libraries, automation and computers, funding, and library politics. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Monologue entitled "A Confidential Account of My Days of Wine and Roses," detailing his experience as an alcoholic.

Brody (brother of Bernard Brody) details his family genealogy and his recollections of Bernard both before and after he married Fawn. He also gives his impressions of Fawn's books. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Morrison talks about his family and personal history before explaining his ideas on Unitarianism. Interviewers: Lorille Miller, Stan Larson

Agi Plenk (b. 1916) recalls her early life--being born in Hungary, living as a child in Yugoslavia, then moving to Austria where at age 11 she joined the Socialist Youth Movement. She describes her schooling, meeting Henry Plenk, leaving Europe under strained circumstances in the late 1930s and finally moving to Utah in the 1940s where Henry would be at the University of Utah Medical School as a radiologist 1940s-1980s. Agi Plenk worked as a child psychologist, eventually taking a Ph.D. in Psychology and establishing the Children's Center for children with special mental health needs. Interviewers: Lorille Miller, Stan Larson

Plummer discusses her husband Gail's (1899-1964) career as the manager of Kingsbury Hall on the campus of the University of Utah. She talks about some of the famous people who performed there and how various U of U administrators dealt with the theater. Persons mentioned include Maude Adams, Marian Anderson, William Gillette, and Lowell Lees. Following the interview is a folder of information on Gail Plummer. Interviewer: Winnifred Margetts

Ferrin ( b. 1925) recalls his Utah childhood and basketball experience at the University of Utah. He talks about playing for the Los Angeles Lakers, being general manager for the Utah Stars, and being athletic director at the University of Utah. Subjects discussed include the relationship between academics and sports, athletic budgets, women's athletics, public relations questions, and the high and low points of his tenure at the university. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Kolkowicz, a professor of political science at UCLA, recalls his relationship with Fawn and Bernard Brodie. He gives his impressions of their personalities, talks about their children, and discusses some of the people he met at dinner parties hosted by the Brodies. He also talks about Bernard's career, Daniel Ellsberg, and Henry Kissinger. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

In this conversation with Newell Bringhurst, Professor Wolfenstein explains his social relationship with the Brodies through his aunt, psychoanalyst Martha Leites Wolfenstein. He gives his impressions of Fawn, Bernard, and of their relationship. Other topics covered include psychoanalysis, Romi Greenson, psychobiography, and Fawn as a teacher.

Greenson recalls her initial impressions of Fawn McKay Brodie and talks about the development of their friendship. Other topics covered include psychoanalysis, Edward Teller, Fawn's reasons for doing the Nixon biography, Brodie's excommunication, and her death. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Gary Nash, Professor of History at UCLA, recalls the controversy surrounding Fawn Brodie's appointment to the faculty, and talks about the Jefferson biography. Other topics covered include Brodie's teaching, her relationship with Bernard, and her feelings about Nixon. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

The Reverend Betty Dalgliesh, affiliated with St. Paul's Episcopal Church, is the wife of Professor W. Harold Dalgliesh, in the University of Utah's Department of History. In this interview, Dalgliesh (b. 1904) talks about the Depression, meeting and marrying Harold, and the subsequent move west to teach at the University of Utah. She talks about her children and grandchildren, her calling as a Priest, and the Episcopalian church. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Bournstein (b. 1928) recalls her Salt Lake City childhood and education, her marriage and subsequent moves. She talks at length about her father, Manny Drucker. Other topics include Sid Fox, Jewish religion and holidays, and broadcasting personalities. Interviewer: Tim Larson

In a series of three interviews Alan Frank (b. 1926) describes growing up in Salt Lake, military serevice, broadcasting at KNAK, KUTV, establishing an advertising agency with Bob Thomas, the "Kentucky Fried Chicken" account, and the Arthur Frank Clothing store. Interviewer: Tim Larson

In two interviews David J. Miller (b. 1950) recalls growing up in Utah, attending Utah State University, becoming involved in radio broadcasting in Logan, Utah, later in St. George, Utah and at the time of the interview in Oregon with Frank Carman who had been a pioneer in Utah radio broadcasting. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Harmer (b. 1926), Professor of Education, recalls his life involvement in the education field, including his experience in the Salt Lake City School District, 1940s-1960s. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

In two interviews, J.P. Gibbons (b. 1916) recalls the history of his company, Gibbons and Reed, which participates in mining, public works, highways, and commerial construction projects in Utah and other intermountain states. Accompanying the interviews is a 24-page illustrated history of the company. In addition, Gibbons discusses briefly his family history and community involvement. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Dorothy Smith (b. 1905) recalls her schooling in Salt Lake City and her career as primarily a teacher of typing and shorthand at East High School 1940s-1950s. She discusses teacher/administration politics and various methods of education she was familiar with during her years of teaching, 1930s-1960s. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

In two interviews, Dorothy Snow (b. 1901) recalls growing up in Salt Lake City, her family, and her education and Ph.D., which enabled her to teach in the Department of English at the University of Utah from the 1920s-1970s. She discusses living in the East, receiving a Master's degree from Radcliffe, her doctoral work at Berkeley, and the satisfaction provided by her career as a professor. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Clark W. Brimhall recalls his early education in Florida and becoming a math and physical education teacher at West High School and, later, Lincoln Junior High School in Salt Lake City, 1950s-1980s. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

In this taped monologue, Cooley (b. 1913) recalls growing up in the Millcreek area of Salt Lake County, a rural lifestyle, working with Wallace Stegner at the I and M Furniture Store, Stegner dating his sister, and his mission for the LDS Church in Jacksonville, Florida.

Daniel Howe (b. 1937), professor at UCLA, recalls his personal and professional relationship with Fawn McKay Brodie. His parents, Utah natives, were close friends of Dale Morgan, who was a mentor of sorts of Brodie. He discusses Brodie's anti-Mormon feelings and the personal warmth of the Brodies toward their friends. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Madsen talks about his philosophy of communications, early broadcast experiences, personal history, the Intermountain Radio Network (RAB), the Radio Advertising Bureau, the Broadcast Advertising Bureau (BAB), and WLS radio in Chicago. Other topics include KSL and Bonneveille International, international radio, Arthur Gaeth, and people at KSL. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Roger V. Logan, a judge from Arkansas, is a descendent of the victims of the Mountain Meadows Massacre and has done extensive research on the massacre. His findings are discussed in this oral history. Interviewers: Everett Cooley, David Bigler, Brigham Madsen

In a 1987 interview with Everett L. Cooley, Alfred C. Emery (b. 1919) recalled his family, education at West High and naval service during WWII. The bulk of the interview has to do with his 48-year association with the University of Utah as student, faculty member, College of Law, and finally his terms as Vice Prestident, Provost, and President of the University-- 1930s-1980s.

Edward Jacobsen (b. 1930) was the director of the special events center at the Universiyt of Utah. Topics discussed include his persoanl background, important campus figures, administration, budgeting, A. Ray Olpin, James Fletcher, Fred Emery, David Gardner, Chase Peterson, controversy over construction of the center, scheduling, expenses and revenue, competition, architectural problems, booking artists, NCAA basketball, gymnastic program, athletic directors, Joh Huntsman, and various performers. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

M. Donald Thomas (b. 1926), the son of Italian Immigrants, born Mario Donato DiTommaso, recalls his childhood and education, culminating in his Ed.D., prior to coming to Utah where he served as superintendent of the Salt Lake City School Board. He discusses his innovations in educational administration, particularly his concept of shared governance of schools. Of particular interest are his recollections regarding the politics and personalities he dealt with during his Salt Lake School Board tenure, 1970s-1980s. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Monsignor Jerome Stoffel (b. 1910) recalls his life growing up in Utah and discusses his role as a Catholic priest in the state serving in Southeastern Utah, 1930s; a short term as an army chaplain, WWII, administering to the needs of Catholic students at Utah State University, 1940s-1970s; and his return to Salt Lake, where he is associated with the Cathedral of the Madeline, 1970s-1980s. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Ladd Holt (b. 1934) recalls his upbringing and early education and talks about his teacher training. Other topics covered inlcude Granite School District, teaching in Panguitch, Utah, the Stewart School, the Utah Education Association (UEA), the University of Utah, and changes in public eduations. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

James Duane, an assosiate professor of educational studies, relates his academic preparation, and discusses the graduate program of educational studies at the University of Utah. He also talks about the development of an instructional computer program and the need for computers in the public schools. Interviewer: Harry Bluhm

Cartwright, an engineer at KSUB Radio, discusses his education and the station experience before the affiliation with CBS. He also recalls coverage of the atomic testing in Nevada, talks about station ownership history, and remembers colleagues. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Stephen Hencley recalls his experiences at the University of Utah Graduate School of Education. Interviewers: Fred Buchanan, Harry Bluhm

Marvin Melville (b. 1935) recalls his early racing days, and discusses the Winter Olympic Games of 1956, 1960, and 1964. He also talks about the Jim Gaddis controversy, ski training, the Alpine Training School, his NCAA positions, and speculates about his future involvement in the sport. Interviewer: Joseph Arave

Adrien Segil (b. 1911) recalls his childhood in Cripple Creek, Colorado, and his first experience skiing. He also talks about instructor certification, standardized instruction techniques, powder skiing, and reminisces about various people he has enountered. Interviewer: Joseph Arave

Hugh Nibley (b. 1910) talks about his belief that he is living in the last days. He also recalls his association with Joseph Fielding Smith, Ernest Wilkinson, and Sterling McMurrin. Other topics covered include patriarchal blessings, the Book of Mormon, Thomas Stuart Ferguson, teaching Arab-speaking students, and his interpretation of various things in the Book of Mormon. Interviewer: Stan Larson

Nancy Reuling (b. 1929) describes her first river trip with Norm Neville and comments on various river runners. Other topics include Rainbow Bridge, the Green River, the San Juan River, Rosalind Johnson, Frank Wright, and Bob Rigg. Interviewer: Roy Webb

O'Keefe details her genealogy and recalls her childhood and education in parochial schools. She also discusses her education at the University of Utah, her student teaching experience, and her years in the public school system. Other topics include inner-city schools, teaching methods, curriculum, the Utah Education Association (UEA), Don Thomas, John Bennion, school faculty and administrations, the "Mormon Question" at the University of Utah, Mormon culture and influences in the educational system, and the changing roles of teachers and administrators. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

In a 1990 interview with Everett L. Cooley, Joy Hashimoto (b. 1927) recalls her family. She describes being interned, 1942-1945 in the Granada Relocation Center (later called Amache) in Colorado, attending college one year at Carleton and finishing her degree at North Dakota. Bound with the interivew are a biographical sketch of Dr. Hashimoto and a copy of the convocation address he gave to the graduating class of 1981 of the College of Medicine. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Bird (b. 1911), a Utah artist, discusses his genealogy and childhood in Layton, Utah. He recalls working for the art section of the WPA, serving in the Pacific theatre of operations in World War II, and his career as an artist. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Nabors (b. 1934), Assistant Dean for Minority Affairs, University of Utah College of Medicine, community civil rights leader, and Democratic party activist both locally and nationally discusses his early years, his education, his work at the College of Medicine, his active role in politics, and his activities on behalf of African-Americans in Utah. Interviewer: Leslie Kelen

Picht, one of the authors of , a history of Unitarianism in Utah, recalls her childhood in the midwest, her marriage and teaching career, and her involvement with the Unitarian Church. Interviewers: Lorille Miller, Stan Larson

In an interview with Robert Miller, Robert Scott (b. 1918) recalls his association with Henry Eyring, 1940s-1980s, and presents a friendly but critical analysis of Eyring's work and contributions to science.

Dunne, a daughter of Virginia Picht, discusses her mother, her childhood in Salt Lake City, and her association with the Unitarian Church. Interviewer: Stan Larson

Kelson (b. 1929), founder and former director of the Phoenix Institute and publisher of , recalls her youth in Salt Lake City, schooling at the University of Utah, marriage, and community service. She discusses her reasons for founding the Phoenix Institute, an organization devoted to helping women on welfare find and train for nontraditional jobs, and outlines several of their programs. She also talks about how grew out of the activities associated with the International Women's Year. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Durrant (b. 1908) recalls her early life, education, teaching at the University of Utah and the YWCA. She also discusses the teaching career of her husband, Stevan Durrant and happenings in the Biology Department, University of Utah, 1930s-1960s. Included are reflections on their father by Sue Marilynn Durrant and Steve Durrant Jr. Interviewer: Everett Cooley

Symcos, a professor of history at UCLA, discusses his memories of Fawn McKay Brody. Interviewer:Newell Bringhurst

Everett L. Cooley (b. 1917) recalls his association with Fawn McKay Brodie. He discusses meeting her in the 1960s when he was director of the Utah State Historical Society, her speeches to various groups in Utah, 1960s-1970s, her writing, her friendship with Dale Morgan, her views on Mormonism, relations with her family, and the gift of her papers to the Marriott Library, 1970s. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Vernal Holley (b. 1924) discusses his research on the Spaulding Theory, his church activities and excommunications. He also talks about his life after being excommunicated. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

W.L. Stokes discusses his early life in Eastern Utah, his interest in dinosaurs and geology, graduate education at Princeton, friendship with henry Eyring, his tenure at the University of Utah in Geology, difficulties with university adminiszstration, religion at the University of Utah, the attitudes of certain General Authorities towards Science and Evolutions vs. Creationism, and the theological strengths of Mormonism. Interviewer: Robert Miller

Marcus Cooley, whose father, Mark, was the oldest son of Andrew Wood Cooley and Ann Hazen, recounts family stories about "Grandpa Cooley." Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In this series of interviews with Tim Larson, Lena (1905-2000) and Alvin (1907-1994) discuss their courtship and marriage, their travels, writing, and public service. They detail their lifetime involved in broadcasting, including KSL radio, KLO, writing radio promotions, KDYL, broadcasting in World War II, the beginnings of KALL radio, Lena Marie's teaching career, the Pony Express Memorial organization, recording Mormon funerals, the University of Utah, and retirement.

In two interviews, Beth Newby (b. 1906) recalled growing up in the Heber/Midway area, attending the University of Utah in the 1920s, taking classes from Ralph Chamberlin and marrying William Wallace (Kim) Newby, also a professor of biology. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Speaking with Winnefred Margetts, Malonnee (b. 1898) recalls her childhood and early interest in "speaking pieces." She also discusses Maude May Babcock, touring companies, her education at the University of Utah, marriage and children, the KSL Players, Keith Engar, teaching at the University of Utah, Lowell Lees, and Pioneer Memorial Theater.

In an interview with Helen B. Gibbons, Malonee recalls how she got into radio and discusses the KSL Players and the development of radio drama. Other topics include unions, Dr. Lowell Durham, Maude May Babcock, and her career at the University of Utah.

Sims (b. 1931) details his background and genealogy, being the son of a minister, growing up in rural Idaho, the Korean War, his career at Westminster College, moving to the University of Utah, the , publicity surrounding Cold Fusion, and the public image of the university. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Judge Raymond Uno (b. 1930) describes his family life internment during WWII at the Japanese relocation camp, Heart Mountain, 1941-1945, university studies, his judgeship, the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), civil rights, Utah politics, and the formation of the Utah chapter of American Civil Liberties Union. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

Johnston (b. 1908) recalls his Arizona boyhood, moving to Salt Lake City to attend high school, his days at the University of Utah, and the growth of skiing in the 1950s and 1960s. Topics covered include Snow Basin, an avalanche, the ski patrol, Wasatch Mountain Club, and the Air Force races. Interviewer: Joe Arave

In a 1989 interview with Everett L. Cooley, Ruby Geerlings (b. 1904) recalled her early life and education in Holland, Michigan, meeting Jacob Geerlings, and life in Utah as it centered around the University of Utah where he was professor, headed the Classics Department, later he became Dean of the Faculty, 1947-1953, and returned to teaching. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In an interview with Newell Bringhurst, Morrell (a cousin of Fawn Brodie) talks about the family in Huntsville, Utah, and his memories of Fawn. He also describes the reaction of various family members to .

Blackbird recalls his childhood, the Christian Science Church, his education at Texas Tech, and his marriage. He also discusses his Air Force career and the Unitarian Church. Interviewers: Lorille Miller and Stan Larson

Smith, a younger sister of Fawn McKay Brodie, recalls their Huntsville childhood, the McKay family relationships, and Fawn's education and marriage. She also discusses the reaction of various family members to the Joseph Smith biography. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

In a series of interviews James J. Brophy (1925-1992) recalls his childhood in Illinois, his education, early friendship with Hugh Hefner, his research interests, his positions at various universities and other professional work. His discussions of the Artificial Hear Program and Cold Fusion are particularly interesting. Interviewer: Robert Miller

In a 1983 interview with Everett L. Cooley, James L. Clayton (b. 1931), then Dean of the Graduate School, University of Utah and Chairman of the Selection Committee for the new president of the university, discusses the process used by the committee, the criteria they established, the candidates, the role played by the Institutional Council, and finally the rationale for the choice of Chase Peterson. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

James L. Clayton, former Dean of the Graduate School, Provost, and Academic Vice President of the University of Utah, 1970s-1990, and a professor of History, both before and after these dates recalls his family, education at Cornell under Paul Gates, and work both in and out of academia. His primary focus is his tenure at the University of Utah, both as a faculty member and administrator. Topics covered include instituting the faculty review system, the presidency of Chase Peterson, the Board of Regents, the Sorenson gift to the medical school, and cold fusion. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Suzy Harris Rytting (b. 1930) talked about her experiences as a member of the United States Olympic Ski Teams in 1948 and 1952, difficulties of women as competitive athletes in the 1950s, her involvement with Utah skiing, and her views on Utah as a site for the Olympic games. Interviewer: Joe Arave

In three interviews, Normand L. Gibbons (b. 1931) talked about his boyhood in St. George, Utah and the influence of his parents in shaping his humanitarian and educational philosophy and practices; his time spent on a church mission, military service, and graduate education; and his work with students at Cyprus High School which led to his career in student services at the University of Utah. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Tom Welch (b. 1944) discussed the Utah Olympic Bid Effort for 1994 and 2002: the people involved, strategies developed, and the benefits he sees to the state from this effort. Interviewers: Joe Arave, Gregory C. Thompson

Kent Hoopengarner tells about his involvement with skiing: boyhood in Glenwood Springs and Aspen, Colorado; high school in Napa, California; working at Alta, Utah and Jackson, Wyoming; association with Ted Johnson and the development of Snowbird, Utah. Of particular interest are Hoopengarner's thoughts on the potential and limitations of Little Cottonwood Canyon as a destination ski area, and a mid-1970s trip he made to Teheran, Iran. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Calvin Harris talks about his education in England and in Illinois and his career in the Department of Education at the University of Utah: departmental conflicts, reorganization of staff and procedures, and the standing of the department within the education community. Interviewer: Michael Parsons

In a 1991 interview with Everett L. Cooley, Emily Flowers (b. 1907) recalls her vagabond childhood, settling in Salt Lake--her mother teaching at Rowland Hall, her father--superintendent, Rosenblatt Steel Co. She briefly describes her education, short career as a high school science teacher, her courtship with Seville Flowers, their life together, and her later work at the Marriott Library. The bulk of the interview has to do with Seville's career, 1930s-1960s Dept. of Biology, University of Utah.

In a series of 1989 interviews and 1990s updates with Tim Larson, Craig Wirth (b. 1952) recalls growing up in Montana and early broadcast experiences. College at the University of Utah, 1970-1974 at which time he began his broadcast career in Utah. Receiving masters degree from Wisconsin, 1976; teaching experiences; broadcasting experiences in Salt Lake, 1970s-1990s; experience in New York City--WOR-TV and working with Linda Ellerbee, 1980s; experience in California, 1980s-1990s and working with the Financial News Network, 1989-1991. He also discusses ownership of a Moab, Utah radio station, KURA. He discusses several Salt Lake City broadcasters. Interviewer: Tim Larson

In two 1993 interviews with Everett L. Cooley, Keith Montague (b. 1921) describes his family life and growing up in Salt Lake City; his father's men's clothing business, Heusted and Montague; attending the University of Utah; meeting his future wife, Elizabeth Snow, their lives together; his WWII service as a Navy pilot; influential people in his life including Olive Woolley Burt; and the establishment with Richard (Dick) Bailey of the advertising firm, Bailey-Montague.

Gardner (b. 1925) recalls her early life and education but spends most of her time discussing the establishment of the Hinckley Institute of Politics by Robert Hinckley, the goals and successes of the Institute under its three directors, J. D. Williams, R. J. Snow, and Ted Wilson. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

McKay (b. 1922), former Democratic Congressman from Utah and a cousin Fawn McKay Brodie, recalls the McKay's as a family living in Huntsville Utah, his limited association with Fawn Brodie due to their age difference, and his closer association with her mother, Fawn Brimhall McKay, whom Gunn McKay found and took to the hospital suffering from burns which caused her death. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Wangsgard (b. 1915) recalls growing up in Huntsville, Utah, his association with the McKay family, and the special friendship between his mother and Fawn Brimhall McKay. Although the same age as Fawn McKay Brodie, she had been promoted several grades ahead and he only knew her slightly but indicated she had a close relationship with her family. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

In a 1991 interview with Fred S. Buchanan, Esther Landa recalls her early family life and education. She spends most of her time during the interview detailing her terms on the Salt Lake City School Board--1958-1970 and time discussing her term on the state school board.

Mortensen recalls his association with Fawn McKay Brodie from 1960 when he became director of the Division of State History (Historical Society) and over her lifetime. He discusses her relationship with her family and David O. McKay in particular. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst See also interview No.12

Fitzgerald (b. 1930) recalls his association with Fawn McKay Brodie in the 1960s-1970s as one of her students in some graduate classes at UCLA, her interest in his academic career, her interest and strong belief in psychohistory, her dislike of Nixon, and her excellence as a teacher. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

In a series of six interviews conducted in Los Angeles, California, Smith (b. 1911), Professor Emeritus of Biological Chemistry at UCLA (1962-1976) and former faculty member at the University of Utah (1946-1962), describes growing up in New York, his education and early work at Cambridge and Yale, his research over the years centered around enzymological protein structure, his election to the National Academy of Science and the textbook he coauthored, . Of particular interest are his descriptions of the early days of the 4-year medical school at the U of U and faculty members, Maxwell Wintrobe, Leo Samuels, Louis Goodman and Henry Eyring. Interviewer: Robert Miller

In this series of 8 interviews, Senator Moss (b. 1911) recalled his childhood growing up in Salt Lake County, his father, a noted Utah educator James E. Moss, his education in the public schools, at the University of Utah and later George Washington Law School, his marriage to Phyllis Hart, his work in Washington prior to WWII, his army service in WWII, his career as Salt Lake County Attorney and later as a judge, his entry into Democratic politics and winning the race as United States Senator, a position he held from 1958-1976. He listed his major accomplishments in the senate as the work he did on behalf of Utah water projects, creating national parks within the state, Great Salt Lake assistance, and banning television advertising for tobacco products. He discussed his activities since leaving the senate which included association with some law firms, his love of travelling and spending time with his family. Included with the interviews is an 18 page personal history that details his many accomplishments. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Howe (b. 1924), Utah State Supreme Court Justice, recalls growing up in Murray, his family genealogy, his education at the University of Utah, and University College of Law, his role as a Utah State Legislator, 1950s-1970s, and his service on Utah's highest court, 1980s-1990s. He discusses family members, his law practice, members of the Utah Bar and the Judiciary, and he provides thumbnail sketches of his Supreme Court colleagues. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In this interview, Freed (b. 1909) recalls his childhood in Salt Lake City, attending the University of Utah and his long association as an alumni; friendship with Wallace Stegner; business interests in Utah--Lagoon, ranching, Deseret Livestock Company, finance company; the terms as Captain of the Davis Cup Team for the United States; and his great pride in his wife, children, and grandchildren; and his interest in collecting Mormon material, especially coins. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Peterson recalls her education at the University of Utah, MBA at Northwestern, family life, tenure at the University of Utah 1950s-1980s where she taught at the College of Business and served as Assistant Dean of Students. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In two interviews, Roberts (b. 1931) recalls moving to Ogden, Utah in 1944, skiing at Snow Basin, working with Earl and Gladys Miller, early racing, teaching for K. Smith at Brighton and later teaching and becoming Ski School Director at Solitude, 1960s-1990s. Interviewer: Joe Arave

In a series of interviews, Jones, President and General Manager of Park City Ski Area, shares his observations on skiing as a recreational sport and as a business enterprise. Interviewers: Joe Arave, Gregory C. Thompson

Yeaman (b. 1918) recalls her early family life, interest in books and western history, and her career at the George Thomas and Marriott Libraries, University of Utah, 1930s-1980s. She provides interesting descriptions of her co-workers, librarian colleagues, and the growth of the library system at the University. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Hitch (b. 1910), former president of the University of California at Berkeley (1960s-1970s) who held several positions at the RAND corporation in California (1940s-1960s), recalls his professional association with Fawn Brodie's husband, Bernard Brodie, at RAND and the friendship as couples the two families enjoyed. He assesses the work of Bernard and provides insight into the family life of the Brodies. Interviewer: Newell Bringhurst

Snow (b. 1910) discusses his lineage (his father was the youngest son of early LDS church leader, Erastus Snow), his father's medical practice, his friendship with George Thomas (University of Utah president), his service on the Board of Regents, his sister, Dorothy Snow who was a member of the University of Utah's English faculty for some 40 years, his brothers who practiced medicine, his wife Lenora Stewart, their children Christopher, Lenora, and Nicholas, his ecumenical views on religion, his education at Harvard and later practice, and finally his views on various medical issues and his personal philosophy. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Gordon talks about his forty-year career at the University in three interviews. As he looks back on his childhood in a small town in Indiana, his undergraduate days at Purdue University, his struggle with tuberculosis, his marriage to Charlotte Sanders, and events which led to his teaching and administrative positions in General Education, Psychology, and the Dean of the Division of Continuing Education (DCE), 1973-1991, Gordon also explores his own abilities in leadership which qualified him for the various aspects of his life at the University. In addition to experiences in student-faculty conflicts during the 1960s, Director of the Peace Corps Training Program, and particularly when he was administering DCE, Gordon offers insights into the administrations of University Presidents David Gardner, James Fletcher, and Chase Peterson. His comments on the financial arrangements of DCE and the University are of interest. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Draper (b. 1923) recalls her early life in Ririe, Idaho, her marriage to Delbert Draper, activities with the League of Women Voters and friendship with various Utah Democrats--Scott Matheson, Calvin Rampton, Ted Moss, Wally Sandak and Republican, Norman Bangerter. She discusses her experiences as Director of the Utah Arts Council--1970s-1980s and as a board member for the National Endowment for the Arts, 1980s. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

During 10 interviews, Swinyard (b. 1910), former Dean of the College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, recalls growing up in Logan, Utah, his education, his family, pharmacology research, and his tenure at the University of Utah. Interviewer: Robert Miller

In a 1991 interview with Joe Arave, Richard Bird (b. 1929), Engineer for Idaho, Utah, and Nevada discusses his work inspecting all ski lift facilities at resorts on Forest Service land with an emphasis on Utah resorts (Snowbird and Solitude) and the evolution of ski lift technology.

In a 1989 interview with Joe Arave, Paul Dinwoodey (b. 1909), prominent Salt Lake City furniture merchant, is joined by his wife Betty in recalling their experiences as Utah skiers in the late 1930s- early 1940s. They focus their recollections primarily on Brighton describing facilities, clothing, equipment, and personalities.

In 1991, at his Pack Creek Ranch in San Juan County, Utah, Kenneth Sleight related to Everett Cooley some of his experiences and observations as a river and canyon guide. Also discussed were Sleight's childhood in Paris, Idaho, and Davis County, Utah; his first marriage and family life; his second marriage and purchase of Pack Creek Ranch; politics, people, resource and land use in San Juan County. Glen Canyon, before and since completion of the dam, seems a significant place for Sleight. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In this series of interviews, Adams focused on her early years in Paris, Idaho; education, marriage, and public relations work in California; and her post graduate work and career at the University of Utah. Of specific interest is her concern with the development of Student Services and in particular the Women's Resource Center. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In 1990, Joe Arave interviewed Hans Brogle about his lifelong involvement with skiing--from his boyhood in Berchtesgaden, Germany; his immigration to the United States after WWII; his employment at Timberline Lodge in Oregon; to his move to Alta, Utah in 1953 where, he was employed until his retirement in 1986. Brogle describes Alta's ski trail planning and life development as well as day-to-day operation of the ski area.

McPhie talks about the eighteen years he owned and operated Little Mountain Ski Area, where he introduced such innovations as lights for night skiing, using a snow packer, grooming slopes, and planting long crested wheat to protect the slopes during summertime. McPhie also discussed his plans for a multiple-use facility at Gargoza which he managed 1968-1972. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Knowlton (b. 1955) recalls growing up in Georgia, New Mexico, El Paso Texas (where his father was involved in the Chicano movement) later in Las Vegas, and finally moving to Salt Lake. His undergraduate work at the University of Utah; mission to Bolivia, 1970s; graduate work at the University of Texas at Austin; his third-year review at Brigham Young University which led to his eventual termination from the university on the basis of citizenship and scholarship--both charges he vehemently denies and refutes in this interview. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Chambers discusses his life-long involvement with skiing: his childhood in Jackson, Wyoming, the family move to Ogden, Utah in 1941 and skiing at Snow Basin; the ski team at Ogden High School; two years with the U.S. Army Tenth Mountain Troops during the Korean conflict; collegiate skiing competition and his ski scholarship to the University of Wyoming; working at The Ski Shop which Chambers eventually bought and expanded. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Hatch (b. 1919) spends the majority of the interview discussing his role and that of his wife's family, the Glasmanns of Ogden, in communications in Utah and the West. Among the major components of the Hatch-Glasmann holdings were KUTV, KALL, the Ogden Standard Examiner, KLO, and the stations that were part of the Intermountain Network. Broadcasting personalities are also discussed. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Lola Atiya (b. 1917) talked about her family and education in Egypt, her marriage to Aziz Atiya, their life in Egypt and the United States at the University of Michigan, in Washington D.C., and the University of Utah, and her interest in book binding, papermaking, and bead collecting. A second interview was conducted in 1992 following the publication of the Coptic Encyclopedia, which she completed following her husband's death. In this interview Mrs. Atiya also described travel experiences in India, Norway, London, Japan, New Zealand and Australia. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Doyle (b. 1916) talked about his 45 years of owning, operating, and developing the Brighton Ski Area, a family business focusing initially on beginner and local skiers. He described working with the Forest Service to improve trails, his relationship with Kay Smith and others involved with skiing at Brighton, his association with the Riblet Company, and the evolution of ski lift technology and installation from the 1940s. Interviewers: Joe Arave, Gregory C. Thompson

Teasdale (b. 1920) discusses his early years in Utah; memories of the Teasdale family; and his grandfather, George Teasdale, an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Interviewer: Stan Larson

Bach (b. 1924) discussed his association with Thomas Ferguson and the New World Archaeological Foundation, and in particular, Bach's impression of Ferguson's disappointment with Joseph Smith Jr. Interviewer: Stan Larson

George Belsey (b. 1939) discusses his career in hospital administration in Chicago and at the University of Utah Medical Center; his future with the American Hospital Association; his involvement with the Unitarian Church and the Salt Lake City community; and his philosophical, political and health care viewpoints. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

Chuck Panter (b. 1935) discusses his involvement with skiing and the establishment and development of Powder Mountain Ski Area. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Michele Parish (b. 1950) recalls growing up in Iowa, her education at Cornell College in Iowa, the University of Iowa, graduate work in theology at Claremont College in California, her marriage to fellow graduate student and later Methodist minister Wesley Pixler, and their coming to Utah in 1987. She discusses being hired by the ACLU where she became executive director, 1989-1992 and the issues she worked on most notably school prayer, abortion, and prison reform. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Mildred Quinn (b. 1908) details her family background and talks about her education and the development of the nurse midwifery program. She also talks about lay midwives.

Interviewer: Jan Brugel, Lisa Litton

Quentin France Kolb (b. 1924) details his genealogy, recalls his early religious training, and describes his BIA and boarding school experiences. He also talks about public school, serving in the Navy in World War II, employment, his marriages, deciding to enter the seminary, living in New York City, duties as curate of St. Mark's Cathedral, the foundation of Odyssey House, native americans in government, and retirement from the Episcopal ministry.

Interviewers: Floyd A. O'Neil, Gregory Thompson

In a series of interviews, Earl A. Miller (b. 1925) discusses his childhood, early skiing experiences, the U. S. Air Force, and the development of the Miller Ski Company. Other topics include Alta ski school, types of ski equipment, being a ski instructor in Japan, Cubco, patents and trademarks, ski injuries, the Robinson-Pitman Act, falling contests, snowboards, Alaska skiing, the Alf Engen ski museum, and various people and places he has known. Interviewer: Joe Arave

William J. Luttrell (b. 1921) talks about his early life in Californai, experiences in the U.S. Army, marriage and college, his family, his affiliation with the World Federalists Association (WFA), Norman Cousins in Salt Lake City, and friends and associates.

Interviewer: Stan Larson

P. Lennox Tierney (b. 1914) recalls his early years, his education, his years in California, Mexico, the Channel Islands, and teaching photography. He speaks at length about his time in Japan.

Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Bennion talks about his childhood in Salt Lake City, his education, and his career in education. Among the topics covered are the Salt Lake school district, open enrollment, the review process, closing South High, the career ladder program, magnet schools, the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program, the dropout rate, and promising programs. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Jack Walker (b. 1915) looks back on a lifetime of skiing. Topics include his first skis, the Utah Ski Club, Mt. Olympus Ski Club, the 10th Mountain Division, scaffolding jumps, Snow Basin, Ecker Hill, Centennial Ski Jump in 1947, Snowbird ski team, and Park City racing

Interviewer: Joe Arave

Joyce Cameron Foster (b. 1936) talks about the history of the nurse midwifery program at the University of Utah. Other topics include her personal background, education at UCLA and Yale University, teaching at Yale, coming to Utah to teach at Brigham Young University, procedures at LDS hospital, conflict with the medical community, teaching at the University of Utah, Mildren Quinn, the Nurse Midwife Practice Act, Madeleine Leininger, the Shiprock program, faculty turnover, candidate selection for nurse midwives, history of nurse midwifery, young mothers program, reality-oriented teaching methods, ACM certification, future challenges in the field.

Interviewer: Jan Brugel, Lisa Litton

Richard H. Nebeker (b. 1924) recalls his early skiing experiences and discusses skiing and the military. Other topics include basic training, Camp Hale, Harry Wagner, General George C. Hayes, the battles of Mt. Belvedere and Mt. dell Torrecia, Friedel Pfeifer, officer candidate school, VJ-day, skiing at the University of Utah, and an Albion Basin cabin.

Interviewer: Joe Arave

Silvia Behrend (b. 1954) talks about her life, marriage, study for the ministry, and moving to Salt Lake City for the Unitarian Church with Lorille Miller.

Gladys Teasdale Bringhurst (b. 1904) has a brief conversation about her grandfather, LDS Church Apostle George Teasdale. Interviewer: Stan Larson.

Mel H. Fletcher (b. 1918) recalls his childhood in Park City, Utah, working in California, serving in the military, and returning to Park City and skiing. Other topics include teaching and certification, community ski programs, local jumping tournaments, Bill Lash and the American ski technique, organizing the Park City ski patrol, winter carnivals and the snow train, Glenwood Cemetary Association, his ski patrol experiences, and the Ecker Hill memorial. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Priscilla Mayden (b. 1923) discusses her role as chairperson of the building committee for a religious education building for the First Unitarian Church of Salt Lake City. Subjects include committee appointments, selection of an architect, Karen Nichols and spacial requirements, plans and adjustments, permits, Friendship Manor parking lease, construction and finishing touches. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

Robert Wheaton (b. 1952) discusses his midwestern childhood, moving to Utah with his wife to ski in the 1970s, and working at Park City and Deer Valley. The focus of the interview is on Wheaton's experiences as General Manager of Deer Valley. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Lurt Knee (b. 1910) talks about his childhood in Durango, Colorado, and moving to California after his father was killed in a railroad accident. He recalls moving back to Monument Valley and building Sleeping Rainbow Ranch. Other topics include Clyde King, Mit Chidester, developing tours and horseback trips, the Burr trail, Doc Angelsby, Charles Kelly, Chuck Lundy, the clannishness of Fruita residents, the uranium boom of the 1950s, prospecting, and deeding his property to the Seventh-Day Adventists. Interviewer: Brad Frye

MacQuin talks about nursing education in the 1920s and the development of university nursing programs to supplant the tradition hospital training schools. She talks at great length about the development of nursing curriculum over the years. Interviewer: Bonnie Clayton

Dean Emerita Quinn recalls her long career in nursing education. Subjects discussed include the College of Nursing at the University of Utah, Holy Cross Hospital, the nursing faculty, cadet corps, building the medical center, midwifery, family planning, Navajo students, public health nurses, and her experiences at the University of Utah. Interviewer: Bonnie Clayton

Mrs. Mortensen (b. 1916) recalls her parentage, childhood, and education. She discusses her marriage, houses lived in during World War II, her job with the legislature, siblings, her divorce and college degree, and her position as editor at the Historical Society. She recalls her move to the University of Utah Press, her remarriage in 1963, the founding of the American West magazine in the 1960s, the sale of the magazine in the 1970s, and working in Washington, D.C. She also recalls working in Tuscaloosa, Alabama and her retirement. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Nye (b. 1920) recalls his early experiences with skiing as a child and talks about the growth of the ski industry in Utah. Other topics include Beaver Mountain, the National Ski Patrol, Squaw Valley, the Olympic Ski Patrol, ski injuries, the biathlon, Snow Basin Ski Patrol, personal enjoyment of skiing, and avalanches.

Interviewer: Joe Arave

In a series of interviews, Petersen (b. 1933) recalls his childhood and school years in Brigham City, Utah. He also talks about his marriage, working for Kennecott and Litton, moving to the University of Utah personnel department in 1973, Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO), budgets, unions, benefits and retirement, affirmative action, minority recruiting, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Hay job classification system, unniversity presidents and officers, service awards, and his family life and personal interests. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Nutting begins the interview with his recollections of teaching a one-room rural school in southern Idaho. He also talks about coming to the University of Utah as Chairman of the Department of Elementary Education and Director of the Stewart School. Other topics include his two years in Liberia, tenure, closing the Stewart School, the faculty of the college of education, experiences in Ethiopia, and the student protest movement of the 1960s. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Piper (b. 1892) recalls her childhood and early schooling in Ogden, Utah. She also discusses her first teaching position and subsequent career, family members, the National Education Association (NEA) and her philosophy of teaching. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

In this series of interviews, Vernon Cooley (b. 1913), patriarch of the Andrew Wood Cooley Association, details his genealogy and recalls his childhood in Logan, Utah. He also discusses various famiy members and provides insight into growing up in a polygamous clan. Other topics covered include his missions to England and Israel, his marriages and family life, service as a U. S. Army chaplain, and influential people he has known. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Belsey deteails her genealogy, recalls her childhood in Illinois, and talks about her education and marriage. Other topics covered include moving to Utah, volunteer work, involvement in the arts and with the Unitarian Church. Interviewer: Lorille Miller

Coleman (b. 1944) recalls his childhood in a racially diverse neighborhood in San Francisco. He describes his education in the California public school system, being offered an athletic scholarship to the University of Utah, and his experiences as a black person in Utah. Other topics covered include the Utah coaching staff, Ray Canning, working for General Mills, his return to the University of Utah as a member of the history faculty, the ethnic studies program, and role models in the community. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Miller (b. 1948) recalls his childhood in New England and talks about moving West to attend Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado. He also discusses the U. S. Ski Team, training, graduate work and coaching at the University of Utah, recruiting, and NCAA competitions. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Collett (b. 1928) details his childhood, education in the public schools of Salt Lake City, and his career at Highland High School. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

This interview is . See Manuscript Curator for details.

Preston (b. 1932) recalls getting his first pair of skis for Christmas in 1938. He describes learning to ski, the ski patrol at Beaver Mountain, first aid training, an early cable tow, the Alf Engen Ski School, skiing safety, rescue equipment, and skiing with family and friends. Interviewer: Joe Arave

This interview is . See Manuscript Curator for details.

Jenkins (b. 1927) was at the time of this interview the chief judge of the U. S. District Court for Utah. He recalls his childhood and education and briefly descdribes his experience in the Navy. He talks at length about attending law school at the University of Utah, and about various lawyers including Willis Ritter, Kenneth Culp Davis, and Dan Dykstra. Other topics covered include his time in the Utah legislature and as a bankruptcy judge, functions of the court, important cases, plea bargaining, his relationship with the bar association, and his family and travels.Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

In this interview with William L. Knecht, Groberg recalls his association with Mission President B. H. Roberts

Alan Engin (b. 1940) talks about his father Alf, and uncles Sverre and Corey. He recalls how his mother and father were a team, talks about his father's employment with the Forest Service, and reminisces about his experiences in learning to ski. Other topics covered include avalanches, going to Norway as an exchange student, the University of Utah ski team, competing with the U. S. Ski Team, his career in business, the lives of his sons, Alta Ski Lift Company, the genesis of the Utah Ski Archives, and the Alf Engen Ski Museum. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Mr. Sherman, who was secretary to the Board of the Federal Reserve of the United States, recalls his employment with the board and officials he observed, including Dr. Goldenweiser, Marriner Eccles, Tom McCabe, the Federal Advisory Council, Ned Brown, the Federal Open Market Committee, the Federal Reserve Pension System, and Paul Volcker. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley, Gwen Gittins

Smith discusses his career as an engineer at KSL, both in radio and television. Interviewer: Tim Larson

Dixon (b. 1923) talks about his ancestry, childhood, and college experiences. He also discusses the medical school at the University of Utah both from the perspective of a student in the 1940s and as dean in the 1970s. He recalls his experiences with a MASH unit in the Korean war, as chairman of the Utah State Board of Health, and as a member of the Board of Regents for the University of Utah. He reminisces about working with various University presidents and faculty members and discusses the history of laser surgery and the artificial organ programs. Other topics covered include medical ethics, doctor/patient relationships, and malpractice. Interviewer: Robert Miller

In this series of interviews, Buchanan (b. 1931) details his genealogy and recalls his childhood in Scotland. He talks about his motivation to come to the United States, his education at the University of Utah and Ohio State, and his lifelong interest in education and Mormon history. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Williams recalls his education in the Salt Lake City public school system, and at Stanford and Harvard. He talks about his early interest in politics and his tenure at the University of Utah. Other topics covered include academic freedom, the Vietnam War period on campus, and his relationship with various officials connected with the university and with the Mormon Church. Interviewer: Everett L. Cooley

Linda Smith (b. 1940) recalls her early dance training with Virginia Tanner at the Children's Dance Theater in Salt Lake City. She talks at length about the formation of the Repertory Dance Theatre, and about the relationship between the Rockefeller Foundation, the company, and the University of Utah dance department. Other topics covered include Joan Woodbury, Shirley Ririe, choreography, Wayne Richardson, Don Michaelis, Don Anderson, touring, balancing a career in dance with family obligations, the functioning of an artistic democracy, and the place of dance in our culture. Interviewer: Scott Marsh

Charles M. Pickett (b. 1918), a Utah-born attorney and employee of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, discusses his childhood in St. George, Utah, and his education at the University of Utah. He also recalls his service in the Philippines and with the army of occupation in Japan. He served as both Washington county attorney and St. George city attorney before joining the FDIC. Pickett also talks about Utah politics and politicians. Interviewer: Ralph Hafen, Gregory C. Thompson

M. Lynn Bennion (b. 1903), who served twenty four years as superintendent of the Salt Lake City School District, recalls district problems inherited from his predecessor, relations between the school board and the Teacher's Association, the merit system for teachers, the 1964 teachers strike, and the problems facing the current school superintendent. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Cobabe (b. 1917) details his career as a broadcast engineer and his training at the University of Utah school of medicine at the age of forty-one. The bulk of the interview is about the development of Powder Mountain ski resort. Interviewer: Joe Arave

Don Barlow (b. 1935), assistant principal of Highland High School in Salt Lake City, talks about his Salt Lake City childhood, being a school social worker in the mid-1960s, John Bennion, Art Wiscombe, school boards, athletic coaches, the influence of the LDS Church in education, Don Thomas, closing schools, teacher quality, and current challenges in education. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Brain (b. 1919) recalls his career in television and radio, discussing such subjects as Sid Fox, KDYL, the movie industry, being a stringer for KSL-TV, the Fisher/Taylor wedding, racing at the Bonneville Salt Flats, Art Kent, Roy Gibson, and covering the beginning of construction on the Glen Canyon Dam. Interviewer: Tim Larson

This taped monologue was prepared by Mr. Brodie in response to a request by Roy Webb for some biographical information on his mother, Fawn Brodie. Brodie talks about the McKay home in Huntsville, Utah, describes his Utah relatives, and speculates on his mother's attachment to the homestead. He describes his mother's education and her relationship with his father. He also talks about the relocation of the family to California, the illness and deaths of both parents, and his impressions of the biographies written by his mother.

Archuleta (b. 1930), discusses the Salt Lake City school district from a hispanic perspective. Topics covered include minority statistics, West High School, LDS Church programs, Title I, the board of education, the closure of South High School, and the Subversive Activities Control Board. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Snell (b. 1883) talks with Fred Buchanan, Max Rogers, and Dale LeCheminant about religion and education. Subjects include Brigham Young University, LDS Seminary, excommunictions, the place of religious studies in a university, Sterling McMurrin, Joseph F. Smith, conflicts between faith and knowledge, priesthood meetings, the excommunication of John Fitzgerald, an interview with B. H. Roberts, and Dr. Snell's personal religious beliefs.

Krall, professor emeritus of Educational Studies at the University of Utah, discusses her education, her Ph.D. dissertaion, the faculty of the Department of Education, her experiences as Chair, departmental politics, and the alternative teachers program. Interviewer: Fred Buchanan

Kauchak details his educational background, being hired by the University of Utah, his impressions of the Department of Education, the culture shock in coming to Utah, courses taught, departmental personnel and politics, Florence Krall, Ralph Reynolds, academic freedom, and the current state of the department. Interviewer: Don Kauchak

Jerald (1938-2006) and Sandra Tanner discuss their early experiences in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, their meeting and marriage, and the events leading to requesting their names be removed from church membership rolls. Other topics include Modern Microfilm Company (later changed to Utah Lighthouse Ministry), doctrinal questions, Mark Hofmann, and researching Mormon history. Interviewers: Stan Larson and George D. Smith

Ririe recalls her Salt Lake City childhood and education, her dance training, early career days in New York City, teaching at BYU and for Virginia Tanner, Joan Woodbury and the Ririe-Woodbury dance company, Repertory Dance Theater, University of Utah dance department, people she has worked with over the years, choreography, touring, and combining motherhood with dance. Interviewer: Scott Marsh

Woodbury describes her childhood in Southern Utah, her dance training, her marriage, the University of Utah, going to Berlin on a Fulbright scholarship, the Ririe-Woodbury Dance Company, choreography, and her children.Interviewer: Scott Marsh

Peter Gibbs (b. 1943) grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah. He attended Stewart School, an "experimental school," for his junior high school years, and then East High School. He received a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Utah in 1971. He was a member of the Boy Scouts of America (belonging to a troop sponsored by the Unitarian Church), where he learned to love the outdoors. He was also a member of the Ute Alpine Club and the Salt Lake Grotto. In the late 1950s he started a business called Gibbs Ascenders. In 1972 he started another business called Baja Expeditions. Gibbs has worked for several companies, including the National Geographic Society, Grand Canyon Expeditions, and Sevy Guide Service. His activities include hiking, caving, skiing, mountain climbing, and kayaking, which he has done all over the world. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Elizabeth Shuput

Margene Bullcreek (b. 1946) is a member of the Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians. She talks about her upbringing, family life, and her identity as a traditionalist American Indian. One of the major opponents of the plan to store nuclear waste on her reservation, she describes her activism since1992. Bullcreek also explains the concept of environmental justice, discusses the dynamics of inter-tribal decision making, and talks about the organizations of which she is a member that helped her fight against nuclear waste on the reservation. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewers: Samantha Senda-Cook and Danielle Endres

Butler (b. 1952) grew up in White Bear Lake, Minnesota. He and his brother, Charlie, moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1972, where they founded Wasatch Touring, a retail business specializing in backcountry equipment. Butler recalls his childhood in Minnesota, learning to ski, and the development of cross country skiing. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg.

Leslie Ellison (b. 1951) grew up in Connecticut, where he learned to climb. He received a degree in Anthropology from the University of Maine in 1973. In the early seventies he came out to Utah with his brother Bruce to ski, and came the next season with Kurt Ottman to climb.He fell in love with the granite in Little Cottonwood Canyon, and applied to to graduate school at the University of Utah, where he received a master’s degree in 1976 in Parks and Recreation Administration. Ellison discusses climbining with many famous Utah climbers, describes various climbs, and talks about first ascents. He has also climbed in South America, Canada, on Baffin Island, and in the Himalayas. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Elizabeth Shuput

Tony Guzman (b. 1980) grew up in San Francisco, California. He describes his move to Las Vegas, Nevada where he first learned about the Yucca Mountain Project. He became involved in nuclear waste issues in the summer of 2004. Guzman discusses his relationship to nuclear waste and other nuclear technologies in the American West, and talks about working for a non-profit organization called Citizen Alert. He also talks about his work with the Nevada Conservation League and Think Outside the Bomb. In March 2007, he moved to Salt Lake City, where he became involved with Utah Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. He describes his role in the debate over nuclear waste, ethical considerations for nuclear waste disposal, and potential solutions for storing nuclear waste. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Samantha Senda-Cook

Alexis Kelner (b. 1938) was born in Rīga, Latvia. His family lived in a German Displaced Persons Camp after World War II. The family came to the United States in 1950, sponsored by the Unitarian Church in Salt Lake City.. He joined the Civil Air Patrol cadet program and attended the University of Utah. Kelner discusses skiing and mountaineering in the Wasatch Mountains, working at Saltair, being a research assistant for Cal Giddings at the University of Utah, and the Wasatch Mountain Club. He recalls fellow outdoorsmen such as Bruce Christenson, Gary Larson, Blaine Erickson, John McDuff, Dick Bell, Charles Leslie, and Harold Goodro. Also discussed are Larry Swanson, Dave Hanscom, Tom Stevenson, Karl Dunn, Dick Bass, and Tom Spencer. Kelner organized many touring trips in the Wasatch Range, and in recent years has been an opponent of wilderness development. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Kim Miller (b. 1952) grew up in Rexburg, Idaho. His dad was a farmer and his mother was a physical education teacher at the high school. He attended schools in Rexburg, including Ricks College, and graduated from BYU in 1977 in business communications. He was active in the Boy Scouts and worked as a hike master at a scout camp in the Tetons. Working near the Tetons progressed into climbing, and he describes favorite climbs, including the Polar Circus in Canada, Fairview Dome, Wolf’s Head, and The Nose. Miller also recalls friends Tom Frost, Brian Smoot, Mark Ward, and Jim Dockery. Other topics include soloing (his favorite way of climbing), ice climbing, the dangers of climbing, the stigma of being a climber, his dislike of bivouacking, speed climbing, injuries, and gear. In the second interview, Miller discusses guidebooks and the publication of Wasatch Granite. He also talks about what it means to do a first ascent and gives his definition of a true climber. Other topics include changes in climbing equipment, aid climbing, first ascents, the feeling of being in the mountains, access, differences in American and European climbing, physical and mental dangers, current attitudes, climbing with his kids, being baffled over the rating systems, and climbing fads today. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Esther Peterson (1906-1997) was born in Provo, Utah. Her father was Lars Eggerrtsen, a first generation American from Danish immigrants. Her mother was Annie Neilson from Veddham, Denmark, who crossed the plains with a handcart company. Esther describes her Utah childhood and talks about teaching physical education (dancing) for two years in Cedar City, Utah, at the Branch Agricultural College. She attended the Teachers’ College at Columbia to get her master’s degree in Administration of Physical Education. There she met her husband, Oliver. They married in 1932. Oliver encouraged her involvement in social issues. She taught at an exclusive girls’ private school, Winsor School, in Boston for six years. She also volunteered at the YWCA teaching dance to girls from the garment industry. After visiting the slums of Cambridge to observe the union movement these girls were associated with, Esther became involved in creating the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. She never stopped fighting for fair labor in America. She spent her summers at the Bryn Mawr College for women working in industry. Esher had four children, and balanced motherhood with teaching for Amalgamated Clothing Workers. She worked in Utah to organize the Utah Garment Factory, and was active in other labor causes. Oliver was a labor attaché, and later worked for the State Department. They spent many years in Europe. She continued working late into her life “on the Hill” in various departments. She has successfully influenced and established many of America’s labor and fairness policies. Interviewer: Floyd O'Neil

Vanessa Pierce (b. 1980) discusses growing up in Colorado, going to college at Grinnell College, and her work with Green Corps. She talks about her upbringing, role models and ethical influences, and her relationship with nuclear waste issues as the Executive Director of HEAL Utah. Other topics include Energy Solutions, the Yucca Mountain High Level Nuclear Waste site, and the proposed temporary nuclear waste site at Skull Valley, Utah. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewers: Samantha Senda-Cook and Danielle Endres

John Reid (b. 1939) has been an avid Wasatch Front mountaineer and skier for many decades. He attended Reed College, later joined the army, and attended the University of Utah on the GI Bill. Some of his climbing partners were George Lowe, Bob Bryan, Dan Grandusky (Clean Dad), and Ron Perla, with whom he climbed Mt. Whitney. Reid talks about tthe Ute Alpine Club, the progression of equipment, and the increasing popularity of rock climbing. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

David Smith (b.1951) developed an interest in the outdoors by hunting with his father and backpacking with the Boy Scouts. He worked at East Fork of the Bear River Boy Scout Camp, and was head of the winter program at Camp Steiner for a couple of years. After reading about climbing, and hearing about climbing in a junior-high school assembly, he hooked up with the Wasatch Mountain Club and attended their Thursday night climbing courses, although he was only fifteen at the time. He describes his first session at Storm Mountain, climbing in the Tetons and Wind Rivers, and tells a story about being the subject of a rescue effort by Deputy Sheriff Pete Kotolus and a rescue party of Ted Wilson, Court Richards, Dave Allen, George Lowe, and Dave George. Other topics include climbing equipment and clothing, the Ute Alpine Club, various climbs in the Tetons, the Wind Rivers, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, guidebooks, environmental issues, aid climbing, rating systems, and working in outdoor recreation businesses. Climbing partners have included Kim Miller, Mark Ward, Dave Lowe, John Glidden, Dick Grow, Kent Christiansen, Bruce Roghaar, Don Black, Tom Stevenson, George Lowe, John Reed, and Bob Irvine. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

This interview is of two brothers talking about their climbing and skiing experiences. Larry (b. 1936) and Steve (b. 1938) both graduated from the University of Minnesota in engineering. Larry came out to Utah to work for Sperry UNIVAC and started climbing with the Wasatch Mountain Club in 1961. Two years later Steve moved to Utah to work in the aerospace industry. Both climbed and were weekend volunteers for the National Ski Patrol for thirty years, working a few years at Solitude and then at Park West (future Canyons Resort). They discuss the origins of their interest in the outdoors, climbing, ski touring and racing, and cycling. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Trimble (b.1950) recalls his childhood in Denver, Colorado, as the son of a geologist who did field work in the summers, taking his family along. He discusses his family, his school years, and his early experiences with environmental activism. Other topics include the Sierra Club, David Brower, Friends of the Earth, Glen Canyon, the Galapagos, working with the National Park Service, Outward Bound, photography, oral history, and the politics of rhetoric. He also details how his books have come about and describes his relationship with other writers. Trimble discusses photography, his decision to sell two photographs to Marlboro Company for their cigarette advertisements, and how he came terms with that decision. He discusses the notion of eco-porn and the generation of photographers who made a living photographing landscapes in the West. He talks about his current work as a Stegner Fellow at the University of Utah. Utah Environmental Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Ian Zabarte (b.1964) grew up in the Bay Area, California. Zabarte is a Western Shoshone, who is part of the Western Shoshone National Council and has lived on the Duckwater Indian Reservation at various points in his life. Zabarte begins by discussing his Western Shoshone heritage, then moves to a discussion of his role in the controversy over high-level nuclear waste, particularly with regard to Yucca Mountain. Zabarte also briefly discusses the effects of nuclear testing on Western Shoshone and Southern Paiute people and the cultural resource studies performed by the Department of Energy in relation to the Nevada Test Site and Yucca Mountain. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Danielle Endres

Caine Alder was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on 14 December 1933. He grew up in the undeveloped foothills and enjoyed exploring caves, climbing mountains, skiing, and running rivers. He joined the Wasatch Mountain Club at a young age, was mentored by Jim Shane, and did many first ascents. Topics discussed include his exploration and measuring of Neff’s Cave, search and rescue operations, his love of mountaineering and friendship with Paul Petzoldt, he connection between the Ute Alpine Club and spelunking, environmentalism, skiing, and the history of hiking Timpanogos. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

erry Anderegg attended Highland, East, and Olympus High Schools in Salt Lake City, where he participated in ski racing and climbing. His friends included Rick Reese, Dave Wood and Dick Wallin. After his LDS mission to Germany, he was no longer interested in climbing, but turned to skiing and family. He discusses climbing in the Wasatch range, the evolution in gear, the Alpenbock Club, early skiing at Ecker’s Hill, and the local attitude toward mountaineering. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Anderson discusses the awakening environmental movement in the 1960s and 1970s, and outlines his experiences after law school. Realizing that there was a lack of environmental leadership in Congress, he began a crusadet for alternative energy. He ran for Congress and won the primary but lost the election due to his stand on same-sex marriage. He ran for Salt Lake City mayor on a climate-change and urban-planning platform and won. As mayor, he implemented many energy-saving measures. He started with a sustainability study of every department in city government. Then changes were implemented: old light bulbs replaced with energy-efficient models, reduced size of fleet—eliminated inefficient vehicles and substituted natural gas and electric vehicles where possible, implemented light rail system, instituted citywide recycling program, and installed a methane-capture device at the waste-water treatment facility. He also discusses his fight against “sprawl mall” and the Legacy Highway project. Utah Environmentalist Project. Interviewer: Robert DeBirk.

Bastian (b. 1974) was born in Provo, Utah, but the family moved California and eventually settled in San Juan Batista, just east of Monterey. He recalls his childhood and speaks of the Teatro Campesino, a theater for farm workers. He describes his affinity for western novels; Louis L’Amour and and Zane Grey. After a series of menial jobs which supported his lifeas a ski bum at Solitude and Snowbird Ski Resorts, he was hired at the Save Our Canyons Project and later by the Utah Rivers Counsel. He discusses the environmental movement in Utah and the westnern U.S. Utah Environmentalist Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Larson Bill (b. 1948) is a Western Shoshone who was born in Ely, Nevada. He discusses his background, upbringing, and general relationship to nuclear issues. Nuclear issues are something that have always been in the background of his life because of how they had affected Western Shoshone People. He discusses how the nuclear testing and nuclear waste controversies have come up in relation to his roles in tribal government and in the Western Shoshone Defense Project. Larson discusses various aspects of the controversies over nuclear waste and nuclear testing on Western Shoshone land including the disproportionate affects on indigenous populations, who is responsible for nuclear waste, and how perceptions of the desert contribute to the placement of nuclear testing and nuclear waste in Nevada. He concludes by contrasting Western Shoshone spiritual beliefs with other religious beliefs, noting the uniqueness of land-based spirituality among Native Americans. Julie Cavanaugh-Bill (b. 1967) describes her Iowa background, role models, her to be involvement with Native American and nuclear issues. She talks about her interest in human rights, her education, and her experience as a lawyer before moving to Nevada to work full-time with the Western Shoshone Defense Project, which led her to act as a spokeswoman on nuclear issues at times. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Samantha Senda-Cook

Borgenicht earned his B.S. degree in Urban Planning and Anthropology at Columbia, and then went to Berkley for graduate work in architecture. He worked in environmental concerns in San Francisco, California, for 14 years, moving to Salt Lake City, Utah in 1984. He went to work for Assist, one of the oldest community design centers in the country. He was involved in the planning of the I-15 expansion, including car pool lanes and light rail. Roger was very involved with a coalition of people concerned with the problems of the Legacy Highway. In the end, the settlement called for a Parkway with a continuous path along the whole length, only two lanes in each direction, no semi-trucks, 55 miles per hour speed limit and quiet pavement, all lessening the impact of the Parkway. Roger is currently involved in the fight over the proposed Mountain View Corridor. Utah Environmentalist Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Broadhead (b. 1931) was born in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. She discusses her family and growing up in that area. She contracted polio at age six during the fall of 1937. She has limited memory of her hospital stay and treatment, but discusses some follow-up physical therapy and her course of recovery, including crutches and massage therapy. Ms. Broadhead discusses the onset of, associated problemswith, and coping with post-polio syndrome. She tells of working in the family assay business until retirement and discusses her current medical care. Polio Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Burggraaf (b. 1926) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. She graduated with an accounting degree from the University of Utah and worked locally until marrying. She and he husband moved to Schenectady, New York, for his employment and they had one child. She contracted polio around 1950, while in her early twenties. She was treated at a Schenectady hospital in an isolation ward for two or three weeks before being transferred by train to Salt Lake City, where she was cared for by family members. She discusses her treatment and therapy, along with her recovery, limitations, and post-polio syndrome. Shirley stayed in Salt Lake City and subsequently gave birth to two additional children. Polio Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Butler (b. 1950) recalls his childhood and the influence of his parents in the development of his love of the outdoors. Both his father and mother were instrumental in guiding Charles to skiing, hiking and sailing. He tells of following his then-girlfriend to California, where he attended school for one year in Santa Barbara. While working his way home he was invited by friends to stop by Salt Lake. These friends were students at the University of Utah. Butler loved the area and when the snow came he tried to find a place in Salt Lake that would rent cross-country skis to his friends. There was no on in the Valley. He went home to Minnesota and started painting houses with his brother Dwight. When winter came, he persuaded his brother to return to Salt Lake with him, and open a place that would rent cross-country skis. This business was called Wasatch Mountain Touring and was founded in 1972. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewesr: Gregory C. Thompson and Erik Solberg

Carter (b. 1950) describes his early experiences with his dad, including a memorable trip to Mirror Lake in the High Uintas. He attributes his understanding of what wilderness meant to trips with his Dad when he was a young boy. Dick experienced an “awakening” in high school and college and knew he would be involved in wilderness somehow. Topics discussed include Cliff Merritt (described as “the elder of elders of elders” of the wilderness movement), the Wilderness Society, the Utah Wilderness Association, and the High Uintas Preservation Council. Carter currently concentrates all his efforts on the High Uintas wilderness. Utah Environmentalist Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Cuch (b. 1951) was born in Roosevelt, Utah. A member of the Ute Indian Tribe, he currently serves as the director of the Division of Indian Affairs for the state of Utah. Cuch begins by discussing his upbringing and experiences crossing between the “Non-Indian world” and the “Indian world.” He then moves to a discussion of the controversy over high-level nuclear waste storage on the Skull Valley Band of Goshutes Reservation. Cuch emphasizes the sovereignty rights, fairness issues, and hypocrisy in the controversy. This discussion expands to a more general discussion of the role of American Indians in Utah and the United States. Throughout the interview, Cuch discusses the importance of knowing and understanding history. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Danielle Endres

Cutler (b. 1952) begins by sharing his childhood in Preston, Idaho. He lived in a farming community, and he explains just what that meant to him and to his friends. They worked the farms, sometimes along side of immigrant farm workers. He had an active outdoor childhood, learning to ski among his many activities. The family moved to Panama City, Panama, and Riley went to the American High School in the Panama Canal Zone. He returned to Utah after graduating from high school and enrolled in the University of Utah. He recalls getting into cross country skiing, his friendship and working relationship with the Butler brothers of Wasatch Touring Company. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Denton grew up on the east side of Salt Lake City. He attended Highland High School. A non-Mormon, he had the perspective of being on the outside looking in. Topics discussed include empty spaces like vacant lots that have since been filled in, the concept of wilderness, proposed wilderness areas of Utah’s West Desert, the Las Vegas water grab, his love of fishing and the Bear River, his career at the University of Utah, and the fight against the MX missile. Denton also talks about literature that influenced his thinking, including the works of Thoreau, Emerson, Walt Whitman and Rachel Carson. He also talks about the photography of Ansel Adams, Eliot Porter and Philip Hyde. Utah Environmentalist Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Firmage camped throughout Utah as a child with her family. She married Ed Firmage whose educational pursuits took them to Berkeley, California, and then to Israel on an Albright Fellowship. When they returned to Salt Lake City, they began to take weekend trips to the Escalante-Boulder area in southern Utah. Inspired by the scenery, they became interested in landscape photography. Ed’s father was an activist who opposed the MX plan to put nuclear weapons in the West Desert. Ed and Carrol followed in his footsteps and became active in the Divine Strake project when the government talked about doing more testing in the West. They were also involved in issues over water rights in Utah involving Las Vegas. Her Master’s Thesis at the University of Utah studies historic farming practices in Utah and modern urban gardening in an effort to increase sustainability by growing more food locally. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Robert DeBirk

George (b. 1946) was born in New York and attended school in Massachusetts before the family moved to Colorado, where he became interested in climbing. He studied engineering at the University of Utah and climbed in the Wasatch with Joel Brown and Jock Gliddon. He recalls climbs in the Tetons and Wind Rivers. Later climbs took him to Canada, the Alps, the Hindu Kush in Afghanistan, and Nepal. Topics discussed include the Ute Alpine Club, Das Berghaus, the Wasatch Mountain Club, the Alpenbock Club, competition between climbers, equipment and gear, snow and ice climbing, caving, search and rescue, development in the Wasatch Canyons, and guidebooks. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Groene discusses why he attended law school and how he became a paid “enviro.” He started his law career working for Indians in Mexican Hat, Utah. He also lived in Bluff and Moab, Utah and Washington D.C. while working for the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance. He is now executive director of that organization. He describes some of the environmental issues he has worked on over the years, such as livestock grazing, wilderness designation, military missile-testing operations, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, and cultural resources, and he talks about the politics surrounding these issues. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Robert DeBirk

Hafoka (b. 1959) tells us about her young life in the Tongan Islands, then her move to San Mateo California. She describes, with excitement, her trip from Tonga to the United States in 1970, and shares the importance to her of her Tongan traditions. She describes her family’s relationship with the LDS church, including her arrival at Brigham Young University at the age of 17, with a book and tuition scholarship, a small government grant, and no other support. She thought at the time that she was the only Tongan woman at BYU, where she graduated at the age of 19. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Hanscom (b. 1941) grew up in Rumford, Maine. His father introduced him to skiing at an early age and he skied for his high school ski team. He skied the Nordic Combined events, which were comprised of combined scores from cross country skiing and ski jumping. He talks about older equipment, such as pine-tar cross country skis, and skis that had no camber and just dragged. He went to Middlebury College prior to coming to Utah in 1970. Hanscom talks about skiing with the Wasatch Mountain Club, avalanches, and his relationship with Alexis Kelner, which resulted in the publication of a ski touring guide entitled "Wasatch Tours." Other topics include avalanche awareness and safety, preparation for the 1985 Salt Lake City Olympic bid, and bringing activities like the World Cup Skiing and World Cup Cross Country to Utah. David speaks about the political nature of the committees, and the people involved. He describes the ‘Little Dell’ site discussions and the eventual rejection as the proposed site for the Winter Games cross country and biathlon events. David was also concerned about the ‘legacy’ of the choice and the selection of a permanent site was at Wasatch Mountain State Park, which was called Soldier Hollow. The interview concludes with a review of the technological improvement of ski gear from wood skis with leather boots and toe clip bindings, to engineered metal skis and plastic boots with specialized bindings for telemark skiing. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewed by David Hanscom

Hanson (b. 1931) recalls growing up in Logan, where he contracted polio in the fall of 1937 at the age of six. He was sent to the Los Angeles Children’s Hospital for nine months. He relates his experiences with daily physical therapy, hospital food and care, his fellow patients, schooling and overall care, a return to Los Angeles for a series of follow-up corrective surgeries, and the use of orthotic devices to compensate for differences in leg size. Other topics include his resumption of full activity (including high school sports), residual effects of the disease and post-polio syndrome. Polio Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Heileson grew up in Provo, Utah, where his experiences with camping and backpacking left him with a love for Utah’s wilderness. He grew up watching the political scene change, allowing more encroachment into the wilderness for oil and gas development, He was introduced to the Sierra Club while working on the senatorial campaign of Wayne Owens. After he received his degree in Natural Resources from Utah State University, he went to work for the Sierra Club. Heileson was involved in the Legacy Highway/Parkway debates leading to some compromise decisions that left the project much better than had been initially planned in terms of protection of the resources and the impact of a highway on the community. He is still involved in the Legacy phases II, III & IV. He explains how important the Clean Water Act has been in fighting the Legacy plan. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Hunkin begins by telling a bit about her education at the L.D.S. Church College of Hawaii and at Brigham Young University. She was the youngest of eight children, and says that she was lucky to grow up tri-lingual; speaking English, French, and Tahitian. She recalls her conversion to the L.D.S. church, growing up with servants and the view that this was common and a way of someone employment, her pride in Tahitian traditions, and the importance of education in her family. Her husband is currently serving his 11th term as the U.S. Representative for American Samoa. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Jensen (b. 1975) attended college in Oregon and Utah, majoring in environmental studies. After college he traveled in Mexico. Jensen discusses the literature that shaped his views, political and geographical boundaries, traditional cultures, Edward Abbey, Henry David Thoreau, the culture of thrift, protest culture in Seattle, and toxic waste. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Robert DeBirk

Jones is a conservation biologist with the Wild Utah Project. She was born in California to "a couple of hippies," and recalls hiking and camping with her family in various national parks. She attended the University of California, Santa Cruz, and the University of Nevada, Reno, as a student of Environmental Studies. Among topics discussed are the animal rights movement, the impact of grazing, the Utah Wolf Conservation Management Plan, the Utah Black Bear Management Plan, the process of agreements between environmentalists and ranchers, the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, and the Utah/Nevada Snake River Valley Water Agreement. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Robert DeBirk

Kalamafoni (b. 1984) was raised in Portland, Oregon, a member of one of the three Polynesian families in Portland. When he was eleven years old, his father took him and his older brother to live in Tonga, to be, as he says, “raised there in a humbler environment." He explains how difficult it was to go adjust to the Tongan traditions and culture. Kalamafoni spent two years in the U.S. Navy and then two years serving a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Johannesburg, South Africa. The remainder of the interview concerns Mr. Kalamafoni’s membership and activities in the LDS church. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Keller (b. 1947) growing up in Tonga, her education, and cultural differences between Tonga and the United States. She left Tonga at the age of twenty-five and, after learning English, met and married her husband. She followed her husband, who was in the military, to Germany. While in Europe they traveled to Italy, France, Switzerland, and the Holy Lands. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Kelner (b. 1938) recalls hiking with his parents while they were in a post-World War II displaced persons camp in Germany. The family eventually came to Utah under the sponsorship of the Unitarian Church. Kelner's outdoor activities in Utah included caving, hiking, and rock climbing. He describes various climbs in the mountains of Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado, and details his participation in environmental controversies in the 1960s and 1970s. Other topices include the Lone Peak wilderness area proposal, Deedee Corradini, the Olympics Feasibility Committee, climbing Shiprock in New Mexico, kayaks, Cal Giddings, the Wasatch Mountain Club, the Ute Alpine Club, and the Save Our Canyons organization. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Liz Shupet

Gernhart Laun (b. 1941) born in Frankfurt, Germany. He learned English from his nanny, a Russian pediatrician that his father hired during World War II. He received a Master's Degree in Philosophy from Frankfurt University, and graduated from the Jesusit School of Saint George (mentored by Hans Wolter). He worked a teaching assistant in the English department. Theological studies followed next, with an emphasis in the New Testament and Jesuit studies. He was mentored by Hans Wolter. Father Wiseman put him on the path to become an Anglican Priest, becoming a postulate under Bishop Stephen Bayne. He worked with Bishop Chilton Powell in Oklahoma teaching classical languages at Cassidy School. He was ordained in 1971 in the Diocese of Oklahoma, serving in the Cathedral Parish initially. Then after ordination to the priesthood, he served in the western Oklahoma City, Indian mission for the Diocese. Later he taught in the Bishop's School of Theology. After he was ordained Deacon in January 1970 and Priest in 1971, he served in Oklahoma for ten years. Laun came to Utah in 1978 and stayed for thirteen years at St. Mary's in Provo. During this time he dealt with issues such as Gary Gilmore's execution, the ordination of women and gays, and the closing of USX. he was particularly known for his musical Evensongs. After being elected Chairman of the Board of the United Ministry of Higher Education, he supervising the support of campus ministries at the University of Utah, Logan, and Southern Utah, and supported developing ministries in St. George and Cedar City and working with LDS leaders from BYU. He accepted a call to St. Elizabeth's in Honolulu, and continued there until he retired. Interviewer: Reverend Doctor Frederick Quinn

Love (b. 1940) was born in Oroville, where he grew up playing outdoors and enjoying sports. His dad was a plumber and his mother was a cook. After his parents were divorced, he and his mother moved to Salt Lake City where he attended the Sherman Elementary, Granite Junior High, Granite High, and Olympus High Schools. Right after high school he entered the Army Reserve, where he served for eight years. He attended the University of Utah and Brigham Young University, graduating in 1968 in physical education with a coaching emphasis and a minor in German. He played volleyball for the “Y” for four years and substituted the deep powder skiing class. He first climbed in Jackson Hole at age sixteen and was one of the originators of the Alpenbock Club. He talks about climbing with Ted Wilson and discusses the advancement in equipment. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Noyes (b. 1974) grew up in Salt Lake City, Uah. His family was quite outdoors oriented. His family took many fishing and camping trips, Mirror Lake was a preferred location. He recalls being involved in the Scouting program, and reaching the rank of Eagle Scout. After attending college at the University of Michigan, Anne Arbor, he came back to Utah and got involved with the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance (SUWA). He spoke out against the Olympics for Salt Lake and was involved in the production of the “This Is Not the Place: 2002 Olympics” bumper sticker. Noyes also discusses the Save Our Canyon organization in Salt Lake City and explains that the strength of Save Our Canyon comes from the combination of a completely volunteer board, and a very solid grass-roots activist membership. He also discusses his involvement with the Round River Conservancy, and the upcoming Colorado Plateau project for Round River. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Pacheco was born in California, but was raised and educated in Salt Lake City, Uah. He attended the University of Utah. While on vacation he was introduced to canvassing. Through his canvassing for environmental causes, he became interested in many aspects of environmental studies. After graduating, he approached the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance and offered to raise money for them, even agreeing to raise his own salary. He left after eleven years and founded his own organization, the Utah Backcountry Volunteers. This volunteer group sets up service projects, and have completed many projects in Utah. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Pierce (b. 1980) grew up in Colorado Springs. She attended Grinell College in Iowa. Following graduation she went into the Green Corps, a program of training and hands-on experience in how to run an environmental campaign. After training, she came to Utah to take a job with HEAL Utah - the Health Environment Alliance of Utah. This organization was instrumental in stopping the Fernald nuclear waste from being sent to Utah. Vanessa discusses the methods used, particularly the work they did with the Utah legislature. Other topics covered include the relationship between the legislature and the L.D.S. church, plans proposed by Energy Solutions to bring more nuclear waste to Utah, and the proposed nuclear waste dump on the Goshute reservation. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Smoot (b. 1960) recalls growing up in Salt Lake City, outdoor activities in scouting programs, and summers at the family cabin in Woodland, Utah. He and his brother hiked regularly in the Wasatch mountains and began climbing on a small crag found on one of their hikes. Although self-trained, they took climbing very seriously and were able to climb both Half Dome and El Cap in Yosemite National Park when they were 18 years old. Smoot talks about climbers he admired at Yosemite, including Royal Robbins, Tom Frost, Yvon Chouinard, Chuck Pratt, and Warren Harding. Local climbers he admired include the Lowes and Mark McQuarrie. Improvements in climbing technology discussed include cams, TCUs, FriXions, Five Ten shoes, ice axes, and the express ice screw. He also talks about climbing ethics and environmental issues. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Springmeyer (b. 1943) was raised in Salt Lake City, Utah, where he was introduced to the outdoors through family fishing and camping trips. He was also involved in the scouting programs through the L.D.S. Church. He describes his education in Salt Lake City, an illegal fraternity in high school, the Alpenbock Club, climbing friends, experiences with improvement in technology, and clean climbing (recovery of equipment on the way down). He also shares his favorite climbs, both in the Jackson, Wyoming/Grand Tetons and the Salt Lake City Canyons areas. He also talks about doing the Gannett climb (also in Wyoming), but backing off as he felt his safety was threatened by weather and equipment issues. Springmeyer concludes with a discussion of fellow climbers from the Alpenbock Club and making ‘clean’ climbs easier. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erick Solberg

Stuchly (b. 1978) describes growing up in Riverside, a suburb of Chicago. Her parents were fostered a love of the outdoors and a connection with the environment. An advanced biology class in high school about "biology on the level of ecosystems, different organisms and their place in the environment” really opened her eyes. She enrolled at Loyola University, majoring in environmental studies, later transferring to the University of Colorado at Boulder. Thinking she had come to an environmental Mecca, she was suprised at all the superfund sites around Boulder. Currently Bridget is working as regional manager for ReDirect Guide, a guide to resources and information about living sustainably. She is also involved with the Utah Clean Air Alliance. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob De Birk

Turner (b. 1942) was raised in a rural setting outside of Washington, D.C., until his parents divorced and his Mom took him to San Diego, California. He didn’t care for school, and describes many of his school failures. He learned to surf, and spent a lot of time surfing instead of going to school. Turner spent time in the upper Green River basin as a "jug hustler," and began climbing with a friend after taking some classes at the Exum Climbing School in Wyoming. He describes his years traveling around the west, attending Cornell on a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, attending anti-war rallies, backpacking through Europe, being trapped in Greece during a conflict with Turkey, trekking in Nepal, guiding in the Tetons, exploring Zen, and writing. Turner has published many essays and his books include The Abstract Wild and Travels in the Greater Yellowstone. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob De Birk

Wake (b. 1979) grew up in Utah, California, and Virginia. She was introduced to the outdoors by her father on camping trips. A chance meeting while on vacation at Denali National Park led to the founding of the Student Conservation Association (SCA). Wake spent some time doing seasonal work for the National Park Service and attended the University of Utah, graduating with a B.S. in Parks, Recreation, and Tourism. Currently, she works for the Swaner Nature Preserve at Kimball Junction, near Park City, Utah. Utah Envrionmentalist Project. Interviewer: Catherine Ashton

Wyckroff (b. 1938), a gynecologist, has been an active leader at the St. Jude's Episcopalian Church in Cedar City since 1978. She is a graduate of the University of California, Los Angeles and Irvine. As the church approaches its 25th Anniversary, she discusses some of her early memories. The church grew from a Morning Prayer group that met in the Jim Mittenzwei home. They grew the church mostly without outside help. In 1981 they moved into a storefront location. It was at this location that the church was named St. Jude's. The congregation was very close. The storefront was sold, and they met in a house off of 100 West, but the house burned down, destroying the records. A photo album and collection of newspapers clippings is also missing. She mentions Ron Belnap, Winchell, Jackie Witherspoon, and George Bates. She discusses living in a Mormon community. She left in 1990 and went to South Dakota to practice medicine. Interviewer: Reverend Doctor Frederick Quinn

VanRoosendaal (b. 1935) grew up in Eureka, Utah. She contracted polio at age four around Thanksgiving time and was hospitalized at the Shriner’s Hospital in Salt Lake City, where she stayed for approximately 11 months. She discusses her experiences there, including visiting her parents through a window while in quarantine, receiving daily chocolate syrup with a yeast cake tonic along with a sponge bath. When she was discharged, she came home on crutches and braces. Her mother routinely massaged her legs and back with cocoa butter. She continued in braces for approximately four years. She returned to Shriner’s at approximately age 13 for surgery to “set” her ankle by orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Pemberton. She was left with a lifelong limp and her right leg slightly shorter than her left. Mrs. VanRoosendaal describes her schooling and adult life, including her marriage and birth of four children. Mrs. VanRoosendaal discusses her current problems with post-polio syndrome. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Shields (b. 1933) discusses his childhood and schooling growing up in a Utah farming community. He attended Utah State University in Logan, Utah, on an athletic scholarship, majoring in physical therapy. He graduated from USU in 1956 and completed a one-year advanced physical therapy certification program at Stanford University. He describes his training and work with polio patients and provides detailed descriptions of patients, their treatment and outcomes. He describes a breathing technique taught to patients called “glossopharyngeal breathing”. He discusses the treatment course of a couple of specific patients he worked with at Stanford, who later returned to Salt Lake, where he continued treatment throughout their lives. Mr. Shields returned to Salt Lake and worked as a physical therapist for the University of Utah and later Intermountain HealthCare in both clinical and administrative duties. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Mr. Trube was raised in southeastern Idaho. He discusses his outdoor experience with rock climbing and conservation of land used for outdoor recreation. He was employed at Backcountry.com in West Valley City, Utah. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Webber (b. 1981) grew up in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho. She discusses her experience with bouldering and climbing and discusses her expertise as a guide. She discusses her views of the impacts of outdoor recreation on environmental preservation. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erick Solberg

Knoles (b. 1979) is from Bountiful, Utah. She discusses her recreation experience from indoor climbing gyms to rock climbing on international terrain. In addition to the United States, she has climbed in France and Spain. She was a member of the Solvay Climbers Alliance.Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Call (b. 1978) was born in Manila, Philippines. He discusses his experiences and techniques of climbing. He coached a kids’ climbing team during college while attending Southern Oregon University in Ashland, Oregon. He instructed youth from Club U at the University of Utah, and the Boy Scouts of America.Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Mr. Berryrieser was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1990. He discusses his family history of outdoor recreation and his experience with becoming an avid rock climber. He was a climbing instructor at Rockreation in Salt Lake City, Utah. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Mr. Latu was born in Tonga and moved to the United States at the age of seventeen. He discusses his education, heritage, and religious beliefs. He relocated to the United States to pursue and further his education. He graduated from Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Ms. Latu was born in Provo, Utah. She discusses Polynesian culture, the importance of education, and her passion for music. Her family relocated to Utah from Tonga to benefit from the availability of education. Her parents were alumni of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. She served a mission from 2001 to 2003 in Morris Town, New Jersey. She attended the University of Phoenix and taught piano. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Ms. Hunkin was born in Tahiti, French Polynesia, and raised in Washington, D.C. and American Samoa. She discusses her education and religious beliefs, and the importance of both within her lineage. She graduated from BYU Hawaii and she is a real estate agent. She began the BYU Hawaii Alumni Chapter in Washington, D.C. She has worked for LDS Philanthropies and real estate while residing in Provo, Utah. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Mr. Aupiu was born on January 20, 1983, in Provo, Utah. He discusses his family, his schooling and the importance of education in his family, and his involvement with the LDS Church. He was raised in Compton and Torrance, California. He played football at L.A. Harbor College and served an LDS mission in Osorno, Chile. At the time of this interview, he was a student at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and he married with children. Pacific Worlds Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Ms. Uddell was born in San Antonio, Texas, and raised in Laguna Beach and Mission Viejo, California. She discussed her education and experience with environmentalism and cultural homogeneity. She graduated from University of California at Berkeley and attended graduate school at Yale University. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Sanders (b. 1951) discusses the cultural and environmental changes of Utah since the 1960s. He founded Dream Garden Press in 1980 and Ken Sanders Rare Books in 1990. He received the Salt Lake City Mayor’s Award for Contributions to the Arts in 2005. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Mr. Provenzano was born in Princeton, New Jersey. He discusses his experience as an environmentalist and as Founder of TreeUtah in Salt Lake City, Utah. He has lived in Arizona and California, and worked as a journalist for the Salt Lake Tribune. Mr. Provenzano also discusses some of the intricacies in forming an environmental nonprofit organization. He is married with children. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Mrs. Harvey was born in 1973 in North Carolina. She attended Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and participated in BYU’s environmentalist club, Eco Response. She discusses her environmental experience through international travels and local political campaigns. She was a founding member of Utah Moms for Clean Air. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Ms. DeFreitas was born in Mammoth County, New Jersey, in 1949. She graduated from Montclair State College, now Montclair State University, in 1971, with a degree in biology and an emphasis in education, and then relocated to Utah the same year. She received a Master’s of Education degree at the University of Utah. She discusses her employment with Save the Canyons and her major involvement with such Friends of the Great Salt Lake. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Mrs. Day was born on March 23, 1977. She discusses her beliefs and practices with regards to environmental conservation, including gardening. She also discusses her views on governmental roles in environmental upkeep. She married with children. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Catherine Ashton

Mr. Bartholomew is an Assistant Professor of Urban Planning for the College of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Utah. He discusses the era in which he was raised, his choices throughout his path of education, and his involvement and planning withenvironmental initiatives in Utah, including the Legacy Highway Project. Utah Environmentalists Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Huff (b. 1981) was born in West Valley City, Utah. The exact date is uncertain because he was adopted. He grew up in an outdoorsy Mormon family and became interested in climbing by reading magazines and rappelling with friends. He went to Snow College in Ephraim, Utah, where he was a rock climbing TA in Maple Canyon. Huff is very technically and safety oriented, with an emphasis on trusting your partner. Topics discussed inlcude the popularity and ethics of climbing, technology, gear, a military class called "Assault Climbers Course," and the environmental experience. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: John Worsencroft

Lyman (b. 1912) talks about her family and growing up in Sykeston, North Dakota, a small farming community. Her father owned a mercantile, and she lived in a Frank Lloyd Wright house. She attended the Saint Elizabeth's School of the Benedictine Order until eighth grade, and then attended the public high school. She talks about the economic changes that came to the family because of the Depression. She remembers the flu of 1918. The Lawrence Welk Band sometimes came to the surrounding community to play for the Friday night dances. Lyman worked at the Sykeston Opera House (upstairs in the mercantile her father owned) as a pianist for the silent movies while in high school, and graduated co-valedictorian of her class. She attended St. Catherine’s College in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1929. She attended North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota, where she graduated with a BS in History. She worked at Lake Minnetonka as a waitress at the summer camps, and was a member of Phi Mu Sorority, Kappa Delta Phi, and Pi Gamma Mu. Her first job after graduation was as an elementary teacher for the upper grades, she became the principal at twenty-one. She received her Master’s Degree in History Teaching from Columbia University, New York, 1939, and married Stan Lyman in August 1942. They had two children. Stan worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs and they moved quite often, so Lyman taught at the Pine Ridge Indian School, Belle Fourche High School, and Sturgis School. In addition she spent four years as principal in Vale, South Dakota, was Dean and matron at the State Correctional Institute for Girls in Plankinton, South Dakota, worked at Oglala Community High School as a teacher and counselor, and was a child welfare workerin Aberdeen, South Dakota. She continued in child welfare work in Denver, Colorado. Interviewers: Floyd O'Neil and Greg Thompson.

Eldredge (b. 1941) discusses his family, schooling and growing up years. He contracted polio at age 9 in 1951, and was initially treated at the Salt Lake County Hospital, where he was in isolation for two weeks prior to being sent to LDS Hospital for rehabilitative treatment. His total hospitalization time was approximately three months. During the acute phase of the disease his vocal cords were damaged, producing a very deep voice for life. In addition, he was paralyzed from the chest down and was treated with hot pack therapy. He returned home with crutches and a lift in one shoe and received physical therapy and home schooling for some months. He started to develop scoliosis and was sent to Primary Children’s Hospital for two corrective spinal fusion surgeries that prevented further growth. He was in that hospital for nine months, wore a body cast, and recalls a number of experiences and memories from that time. He describes his recovery and re-assimilation with his neighborhood. He was left with a noticeable permanent limp and paralyzed stomach muscles. He discusses the effects of post-polio syndrome.Mr. Eldredge’s career is in the printing industry. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Edwards (b. 1939) was born in Leland, Utah, but contracted polio at age three while living in California. She was hospitalized at General Hospital during the acute phase, having lost her ability to walk, and later transferred to White Memorial Hospital. The disease mainly affected her right side. She relates her experiences in the hospitals, including her memories of quarantine, the nurses, brief iron lung therapy and some activities. Her recollection is being in the hospital from eight to possibly eighteen months. She was discharged from the hospital with a noticeable limp and was treated at home by her mother with hot packs. She later moved back to Utah and subsequently had two surgeries. The first was at age twelve for placement of a screw in her left knee to stop the growth on that side. She was placed in a cast from hip to foot. The orthopedic surgeon was Paul R. Mulligan. Her second surgery occurred during her senior year of high school when surgeons lengthened her heel cords. She was required to wear “ugly, big special shoes” for a period of time, and also a leg brace for some length of time. Ms. Edwards reports an active life while growing up, including dancing and gymnastics. She was left with a residual limp that was slightly noticeable. She relates an interesting story about participating in an MGM March of Dimes promotional newsreel with Clark Gable and Greer Garson. Ms. Edwards gave birth to seven children. With age her limp has become more persistent and pronounced, and she has developed other health complications. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Horne (b. 1935) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He contracted polio at age 4, and tells what he remembers about getting sick, experiencing nausea and a painful headache. He was treated at home and was immobilized in bed for several days with paralysis in all four limbs. He recalls receiving spinal taps. His father, a physician, arranged for gamma globulin to be shipped into Salt Lake from California and Jonathan received several intrathecal injections. He feels this contributed to his recovery. His house was quarantined and he remembers seeing people cross the street as they neared his house and cross back again once they had passed. He recalls no other specific treatment or therapy, but continually improved until regaining movement in all limbs, with only residual weakness in his leg muscles, which continue to the present. He reports no incidence of recognizable post-polio syndrome. He led an active live and became an orthopedic surgeon operating in the Salt Lake Valley area. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Jerominski (b. 1925)grew up in San Bernardino, California. She graduated from San Bernardino High School at age sixteen and moved to Utah for nursing school at the University of Utah. She describes her work experiences and training, principally at the Salt Lake County Hospital (2100 South State) during the early 1940’s. She graduated from the University of Utah in 1945. Shei relates her experiences working with polio patients of all ages for approximately one year. She describes using Armstrong respirators (iron lungs), hot pack therapy, feeding and caring for polio patients. She recalls certain specific patients. Ms. Jerominski’s career was as a nurse, working with newborns, at the University of Utah. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Johnson (b. 1938) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He discusses his family and early schooling. He contracted polio at age 14 in early September of his ninth-grade year. He describes what he remembers about getting sick. He had a spinal tap at the doctor’s office and was taken to Salt Lake County Hospital, where he remained for six months. He was having difficulty clearing his throat of mucous; he received a tracheotomy, spent some time in an iron lung, and later used a chest respirator. He had paralysis of his vocal cords, neck and throat muscles, the left side of his body and right side of face. He couldn’t swallow, so received liquid nourishment through a nasogastric tube until April. Johnson describes therapies used in hospital, including hot packs and stretching. He received a daily shot of penicillin throughout his hospital stay. He discusses experiments they wanted to try, but he didn’t complete. Eventually he started swallowing and was released from hospital. He never used crutches or braces. The residual effects of polio include a closed tracheotomy, weakness in neck muscles, difficulty speaking, weakness in his legs and a limp (left leg shorter than right). After returning home from the hospital, he never participated again in scouting or sports. He graduated from high school, went on an LDS mission to California, and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Utah. He relates that he is beginning to experience what may be possible post-polio related symptoms. He worked for Utah Power for 38 years before retiring. He married and has five children. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Masheter (b. 1946) was born in Santa Monica, California. She discusses her family and childhood. She (along with her younger sister) contracted polio at age six while visiting relatives in Wichita, Kansas. Both girls were sent to a nearby hospital for spinal taps and were admitted. She remembers receiving intravenous horse serum and then becoming violently ill for a period of time. She describes receiving hot-pack therapy twice a day and remembers being burned by the hot blankets on a couple of occasions. She describes her experiences, activities and physical therapy in the hospital. After discharge, she returned home to California, where she continued home therapy. She wore corrective shoes to age 13 for what she heard described as “weakness” in her legs, although she was very physically active in a variety of activities. She has had no residual effects from polio. Masheter completed a baccalaureate degree in Chemistry at UCLA and later completed a PhD. She taught at the University of Utah for ten years and currently is employed with the Utah State Department of Health. In 2008, she summited Mount Everest, and was, at the time, the oldest US female to so do. She has no identifiable effects of post-polio syndrome.Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Moser (b. 1935) was born in Providence, Rhode Island. She discusses growing up in Cranston, Rhode Island. She entered the Children’s Hospital School of Nursing in Boston in 1953. She discusses her school program, classes, requirements, living arrangement, duties, and their uniforms.She began working with polio patients her first year of school and rotated through departments caring for patients in the isolation, acute, and rehabilitative phases of the disease. She discusses topics such as working in warm pools with physical therapists, Stryker beds, working with patients in casts, iron lungs, chest respirators, tilting beds, and applying hot pack therapy and feeding patients in iron lungs. She has retained her course manuals from the time and reads a few sections on specific care for patients. She graduated in 1956 and stayed in full-time nursing until 1963. Ms. Moser is credited with starting the first US all children’s recovery room at Boston Children’s. She later worked as a nurse volunteer in various activities, including administering polio vaccines to school children. Ms. Moser married and raised two children.Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Ogden (b. 1944) grew up in Chicago, Illinois. She discusses her family. She contracted polio at age seven. She recalls being sick with a sore throat, getting sicker, and being taken to the hospital for a spinal tap. She developed difficulty breathing, was transferred to the Children’s Hospital in Boston and was placed in an iron lung for about 24 hours initially. She thereafter was in and out of an iron lung for short periods of time as was needed. She was in the hospital for a total of three weeks and recalls the care she received there. Therapies included hot pack treatments and, having lost the ability to swallow, therapy to regain that ability. In addition, she received speech therapy to relearn how to properly make certain sounds. She came home from the hospital with smaller muscles and weakness on her left side, for which she wears a lift in her left shoe. She had also lost the ability to properly cough, sneeze and laugh. She engaged in self-administered physical therapy at home to retrain and regain those lost abilities, a process that took many years. She discusses the challenges of returning to school. Ms. Ogden studied and earned degrees in mathematics and works as an actuary. She is married and gave birth to one child.Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Packer (b. 1946) was born in Preston, Idaho. She tells about her early family life. She contracted polio at age six, in September 1952. She describes what she remembers about getting sick. At home she received heat treatment, which she describes. She was taken to a doctor for a spinal tap and sent to St. Anthony’s Hospital in Pocatello when polio was suspected. She remembers experiencing pain and fever for some time, which she describes. While in the hospital, she was given penicillin. She was in an iron lung for a period of time, of which experience she has no direct recollection.After ten days she was sent to the Elk’s Convalescent Home (rehabilitative hospital) in Boise and was treated there from September 1952 to April 1953. At the time of her admission, her legs were completely immobile. She received a variety of therapies there, including stretching, resistance exercises and soaking in a Hubbard tank. She began to regain mobility by first learning to crawl. She was fitted with braces and crutches in October and received training in uses of those, including how to fall and get back up again. She describes her hospital recollections, activities and experiences.After discharge from Elk’s, she continued with exercises at home. She started a series of corrective surgeries at Primary Children’s Hospital in Salt Lake beginning at age ten, and continuing each summer until age sixteen. She discusses those surgeries and her recollections of Primary Children’s.Ms. Packer discusses post-polio syndrome, it effects and manifestations.She completed a degree in social work, married, and gave birth to three children. She has served in numerous political and community volunteer positions throughout her adult life.Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Sline (b. 1947) was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He discusses his family life and schooling. He contracted polio in 1950 at age three in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He combines his own recollections with stories he was told about getting sick. His family home was quarantined with a large red “P” sign on the front door while Rick was in the hospital (approximately three months). After the hospital, his arm was in a brace with a built-in pulley system for a period of time. His mother diligently kept up physical therapy for about three years. He remembers some water therapy in a pool as an outpatient at the hospital with his mother. The polio settled in his right arm, where he has had lifelong residual weakness and diminished range of motion. He discusses playing baseball through high school, although the polio limited his performance. He relates the difficulties of his family in dealing with his disability. Mr. Sline’s career has been in various positions in higher education. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Toomer (b. 1929) was born in Pasadena, California. She discusses her family and schooling. She graduated from St. Monica High School in 1947, where she was on the basketball, tennis, and swimming teams. She attended Santa Monica Junior College, graduated from El Camino College, and graduated from St. Joseph’s College of Nursing in San Francisco. She discusses her school experiences and training during this three-year program. After graduating, she accepted a job at St. John’s Hospital in Santa Monica in the surgery department. She joined the Army Nursing Corp in April 1953, taking basic training at Fort Sam Houston before assignment to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, in a variety of posts. She met and married her husband (also in the Army) and completed her Army commitment in 1955. She gave birth to a daughter in 1955. Transferred to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, in 1956. Barbara contracted polio in September of that year, along with five others from the base. She was hospitalized until January 1957 and recounts her hospital experiences, physical and occupational therapy. All of her limbs were affected and for a time was immobilized from the neck down. She regained considerable use of her arms (which are now quite limited with post-polio) but her legs never regained usefulness. After a series of moves around the country, she with her family moved to Utah in the early 1970’s. Barbara has become an effective community activist, holding several paid and volunteer positions with various advocacy organizations, particularly for the disabled and disadvantaged. She discusses her interests, activities, accomplishments and continuing challenges in these areas. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Decker (b. 1932), born in Salt Lake City, Utah, discusses his family, growing up and schooling. He contracted polio while in medical school at the University of Utah. He describes getting sick, including overall painful spasms through his body. He was admitted to the hospital for a spinal tap, which he describes. He was put in isolation for a period of time, then bed rest for one month. He received hot pack therapy during that time, then was placed on a general medical ward for 3 weeks at St. Marks Hospital in Salt Lake City, and started physical therapy, which he describes. When he left the hospital with crutches, he could walk short distances. He also had weakness in his arms, ongoing body spasms (continuing to today) and diaphragmatic cramps (also continuing). With continued therapy he regained full ability in his legs. Decker completed medical school and internship, and served four years of military service in the US Public Health Service, mostly in Ohio, then on a HOPE mission to Vietnam in 1961. He describes these experiences, which included delivering vaccines of all types and participating in “Sabin Sundays.” Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Duram (b. 1939) discusses growing up in Brigham City while working in her father’s general store until her early twenties. She contracted polio at age twelve in early September 1951. She describes getting sick. She spent ten days in the hospital and relates what she remembers of her experiences there. After hospitalization, she received physical therapy at Dee Hospital in Ogden, along with heat pack therapy, which she describes. She missed several months of school before returning. Ms. Duram started to develop symptoms of post-polio syndrome at approximately age 40. She describes the progression of symptoms that finally led to full-time use of a wheelchair in 2009. Ms. Duram received a nursing degree and worked as a nurse for many years until taking medical retirement. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Hill (b. 1947) was born in Los Angeles, California. He discusses his family and neighborhood. He contracted polio in September 1953 at the age of five. He was hospitalized and was in an iron lung for a period of time. He relates what he remembers of getting sick and his hospital experiences. He received hot pack treatments and some physical therapy. He talks about being ostracized in the neighborhood and at school due to his illness. He was fitted with and used two leg braces (to the upper thigh) and two crutches for a number of years. Later he regained some use of his legs and was fitted with high top heavy duty boots for support. He started to develop symptoms of post-polio syndrome in approximately 2000. He talks about his difficulties with the onset and progression of this condition. He has been instrumental in developing an online polio support group and is involved with various disability groups. Mr. Hill received his college degree and worked in aerospace, water quality control and school district maintenance until taking medical retirement in 2006. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Johnson (b.1940) was born in Bremerton, Washington. She discusses her family and growing up years. She contracted polio at age eight. She talks about getting sick, going to the hospital for a spinal tap, and being admitted to the isolation unit. She spent approximately three months in St. Benedict’s Hospital in Ogden, Utah. She relates hospital conditions and treatments received, including hot packs, the Hubbard tank and physical therapy. Her legs were paralyzed and she had difficulty swallowing, which necessitated consuming only pureed food while in the hospital. She was left with a slight limp and weakness in her hands. She continued with outpatient physical therapy for approximately one year and eventually regained enough strength and ability to lead an active lifestyle. In the early 1990’s Ms. Johnson started to experience increased weakness and fatigue. She was diagnosed with lupus. Ms. Johnson received a college degree, married and gave birth to two children; she worked in the advertising industry throughout her career. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Ms. Kelsch (b, 1942) and Ms. Eves (b. 1947) are sisters. Both were born in Heber City, Utah, and grew up in Provo, Utah. Ms. Kelsch contracted polio at age ten. Ms. Eves was told as an adult that she had apparently suffered from a mild case of polio while a youngster. In the interview, both women discuss family, growing up and schooling. Carol contracted polio at age ten in early September 1952 just prior to the start of her fifth grade. She describes getting sick. She was sent to the Salt Lake County Hospital where she received a spinal tap and was placed in isolation for about a week. (Her family was also quarantined for the first month of her illness; her siblings were kept from attending school during that month. Additionally, her family was instructed to burn all of Carol’s clothing and possessions). She was later transferred to LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City. She describes her recollections of the hospital conditions and her experiences. Carol’s treatments included hot pack therapy, hydrotherapy in a Hubbard tank and straight board therapy with her braces. She was paralyzed from the neck down, but gradually regained use of left arm and limited use of her right. She used a wheelchair and received outpatient physical therapy for a year after discharge. She discusses challenges in accommodation issues at school, including during college at Brigham Young University. After high school graduation, she spent three months at the May T. Morris clinic in San Francisco, California, for advanced occupational therapy. Carol completed her Master’s degree in speech therapy and worked in that career for thirty-seven years. She discusses her challenges in adapting to post-polio syndrome symptoms, which eventually forced her into a motorized wheelchair in 2005. Joy discusses various surgeries to correct orthopedic problems, and the associated breathing and mobility complications following those surgeries. Her physicians made the diagnosis post-polio syndrome, the details of which she relates. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Lambert (b.1946) was born in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. His family moved shortly thereafter to California. He discusses his family. He contracted polio at age three. He relates what he has been told about getting sick. He was hospitalized in San Diego from early August 1949 to spring 1950. He recalls some hospital memories. While there he received some physical therapy, which continued on an outpatient basis after discharge. He left the hospital with two full-length leg braces that continued up to his torso and two crutches. He credits the March of Dimes for helping with medical expenses; in return, he, his mother and brother helped fundraise for the March of Dimes. He has complete paralysis of his left leg, partial use of his right leg and full use of both arms. He had five or six subsequent surgeries, which he described, after his initial hospitalization. He reports no effects from post-polio syndrome. Mr. Lambert attended public schools. He served a LDS mission in Florida and later graduated from law school. He currently practices law in Salt Lake City, Utah, and is involved in local politics. He is married and has three children. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky Lloyd

Farr (b.1939) was born in Taylor, Utah. The family moved to Nyssa, Oregon, in 1955. He had a first class license at 16. Gordan Kapps "took a chance" on him, and started him in the radio business in 1957. His first job was at KSRV, Ontario, Oregon. Stations he worked for included KKOG, Ogden; KBUH for Art Fishler; KVOG-TV, Ogden, for Art Webb; KLGN with John Hart in Logan; and KIFI in Idaho Falls, where he worked with Phil Riesen. Farr went to Lodi Lake, California at KCVR (KEEN/KBAY) in 1968, and did ten years of "The Coffee Club," in Sacramento. He also worked for the Oakland A's sales office in San Francisco. Farr lists many famous people he has interviewed. Interviewers: Greg Thompson and Tim Larson

Bown (b.1946) talks about his ski mountaineering experiences that began with the Ute Alpine Club. Equipment was bought from the Deseret Industries and Vibram added to the soles of the old boots. Few people ski toured in the sixties, unlike today. Mountaineering trips included Cardiff Pass, Deseret Peak, Uintas, King's Peak, Colorado Rockies, the Tetons, and eventually south to Mazatlan or Baja. He talks about the evolution of equipment and the sport, environmental issues, the dangers of mountaineering, and what the Wasatch has to offer. He mentions canoe trips in the Tetons and British Columbia, and talks about the friendships developed because of the sport. Utah Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewed by Erik Solberg.

John Worsencroft interviews OARS (Outdoor Adventure River Experts) river rafting guides Christian Dean, Micah Renfeldt, and Bret Wojciak on the banks of the Colorado River in Cataract Canyon. Dean, Renfeldt, and Wojciak discuss how they were introduced to river rafting and commercial guiding. They discuss safety on and off the river and the value of preparation and knowledge to recreation in the wilderness. The guides share their thoughts on the valuable attributes of a successful river guide, including sociability, and how guides work to maximize the positive experiences of their clients. They discuss specific challenging and rewarding experiences as guides and identify their favorite rivers or stretches of river. The interview concludes as Dean, Renfeldt, and Wojciak share their thoughts about environmentalism and their responsibilities as educators on nature and conservation. Utah Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: John Worsencroft

Bloch grew up in the suburbs outside of Cleveland, Ohio, and got his degree at Miami University with a focus in Botany and Political Science. The summer before his senior year of college he took a job in Burns, Oregon, and first experienced the west and so after graduation he took a job with the Forest Service in Washington State. He attended law school at the University of Utah and became an attorney for SUWA. He first focused on off-road vehicles and America’s Red Rock Wilderness Act. He thinks more is accomplished when an organization is site-specific in their actions; for example his work with off road vehicles. He likes to think that SUWA does both reactive and proactive work. SUWA believes that lands are managed for all people, which is difficult for local people to accept.Utah Environmentalist Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Ehrbar is from Munich, Germany, and has a Ph.D in both mathematics and economics. He is self-proclaimed socialist and Marxist. He works for the University of Utah and teaches classes in economics, Marxism, and environmentalism. He thinks that our society wouldn’t be able to just become socialist, so his argument is to reform capitalism to create a social demographic capitalism, but he’s not sure if it’s possible. He believes that “every class we are teaching should be an environmental class” and that’s not happening. We’re not being extreme enough in our efforts and that we need an organized movement, from the people, government is too involved. Utah Environmentalist Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Legate was born in Sacramento, CA and spent his childhood in the Sierra Nevadas and at Lake Tahoe. He was student body president at Cordova Senior High School in Rancho Cordova, California, during the April 1970 earthquake and he helped organize an Earth Week Conference. Joined the Sierra Club while living in British Columbia and helped start the chapter in Nelson, BC. He went back to school in 1980 to get his masters in Forestry and Range at Washington State University and got involved with the Sierra Club group in Pullman, Washington. He’s a firm believer in learning from others and learning by doing. Lawson likes the Sierra Club because it’s a large-scale effort and that’s beneficial. He moved to Utah in 1987 and started working on desert wilderness. He discusses what it’s like to live and raise a family in Utah and not be LDS and the struggles for him and especially his kids. He believes that air quality, water usage, and transportation are very important issues in Utah. He speaks about the idea of “resilient habitat” and how it’s more holistic than wilderness. Utah Environmentalist Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Urgo is from Brooklyn, New York, and joined Green Corps, after studying Environmental Science in college, which moved him around the country a lot until he applied for a job with HEAL Utah in 2005 (which tends to focus on nuclear issues). He believes that environmental problems are justice problems and is active in power relations. His work in Green Corps involved a lot of organizing and volunteer recruitment, so then he became the Outreach Director for HEAL. As an organization they don’t come up with plans and policy but more so educate the public to work towards change and watchdog big industry such as Energy Solutions. They’re trying to keep nuclear waste and reactors out of Utah. He is a strong believer in renewable energy. Utah Environmentalist Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Vandame is a retired nurse who has dedicated her life to air quality in the Salt Lake Valley after reading a Wasatch Clean Air Coalition newsletter in 1997. She would go to Utah Air Quality board meetings and attended the Western Regional Air Partnership, which was the successor organization to the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission, and that organization became the seed of the Western Climate Initiative. She works newsletters and talks to legislators about air quality and is affiliated with HEAL, League of Women Voters, and Luther Carbon Free Nuclear Free Freedom. Kathy also thinks that our society has a disconnect in our lives, especially when it comes to food, class, and sexuality. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Kathy Vandame

Roth (b. 1982) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was raised by his mother, originally from New Orleans, and his father, originally from Indianapolis; and was introduced to climbing at fourteen years of age. He gives a contrast between indoor and outdoor climbing, and discusses the progression and classification of climbing and bouldering over his twelve years of experience. Roth was spokesperson for Black Diamond during climbing competitions. Utah Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Ben is a tree climber in Salt Lake City and owns his own business. He’s done some tree climbing competitions but rock climbing is his real passion. The two sports are intertwined though--one prepares him for the other. Ben likes to do his climbs in a traditional style, using as little fixed gear as possible. He says that there are different rules and etiquette in different locations and also there are lots of different types of rock and they should be climbed in different ways. When he establishes a new route he says he wants to do it right and will sometimes take weeks to complete it. Maura is currently getting her doctorate in meteorology at the University of Utah with a focus in mountain meteorology and forecasting. She’s very interested in the Salt Lake Valley temperature inversion and pollution episodes. Ben and Maura have done a lot of first ascents and established new routes, primarily in the state of Utah. They have both had some pretty close calls while climbing, but love it so much that they say it’s worth it. Utah Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewers: Erik Solberg and John Worsencroft

Jim Catlin is a native Utahn who has been active in public land issues for more than 25 years. His PhD from the University of California at Berkeley focused on GIS and land use planning. His MS in regional land use planning at the University of Utah analyzed Wasatch Front air quality. Jim began his work in conservation as a volunteer for the Sierra Club. His skills and love of adventure propelled him toward pivotal conservation victories for public lands in Utah. He is articulate and engaging. In addition to his long-time work with the Sierra Club, Jim was essential to the Utah Wilderness Coalition’s effort to protect wilderness-quality lands in Utah. In this interview, he offers an in-depth, behind-the-scene look at the machinations of government with striking examples and good humor. In 1996, Jim founded the Wild Utah Project to support the work of other Utah conservation activists. His awards include the John Muir Award, the Sierra Club's highest conservation award, and the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance Conservation Award. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Robert DeBirk

Andrea was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania but spent her childhood in Salt Lake City, Utah. In high school she was aware of the poor air quality in the valley and started to bike to school, “Inversions are natural, but what the inversions trapped, the smog and pollution, was not.” Her classes and teachers at Judge Memorial High School were instrumental in her environmental mindset. She has worked for both the Parks Service and the Forest Service at the Grand Canyon. Andrea is very knowledgeable about multiuse issues and working with various shareholders in public lands. She went to graduate school for art at the University of Idaho and decided then that she is a post-consumer artifacts artist, meaning nothing was thrown away. She believes that art should be assessable and benign to the environment, there’s a lot of waste that comes out of art. She started teaching environmental education at Red Butte Garden and has been incorporating that into her art. Andrea and her husband also started the Eat Local Challenge here in Utah. Currently she is working at the Green Building Center, the host of a lot of workshops for the layperson on green living. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Frishman (b. 1944) was born in Washington D.C. He is a technical consultant for the law firm representing the State of Nevada in its contention of the Department of Energy’s application to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for a license for the Yucca Mountain repository. Prior to this, Frishman worked as a Technical-Policy Coordinator for the Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects. He discusses graduate school in Texas, running a local newspaper, serving as a commissioner on the Texas Coastal and Marine Council, and working for the Texas state government when a site in Texas was being considered for a high level nuclear waste repository. H e first came to Nevada to work as a consultant for the Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects, and was involved in the fight against the Yucca Mountain repository. Fishman describes some of the technical problems with the Yucca Mountain site, and the differences between Department of Energy science and independent science on the site. He ends by taking about some of the alternatives to the Yucca Mountain site. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Danielle Endres

Hadder (b. 1960) was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He currently lives in Reno and works as a staff scientists for Great Basin Resource Watch. Hadder begins with a discussion of his upbringing, role models, and education. He recalls his involvement in various nuclear issues in the Great Basin region, and recounts his evolving role in nuclear activism. Hadder then discusses the nuclear waste controversy including his role in it, potential solutions, and who is responsible for nuclear waste. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Samantha Senda-Cook

Knutsen (b. 1964) was born in Taiping, Malasia to Methodist missionaries. He describes his upbringing (particularly his consistent work with disenfranchised communities) and how he became involved in nuclear issues, starting with his participation in a New England Walk for Nuclear Disarmament. He went on to work on nuclear testing, nuclear power, and nuclear waste issues. Knutsen discusses his time with Shundahai Network and how he came to his current job at the American Civil Liberties Union. Other topics include the nuclear waste problem in the US, ethical issues associated with nuclear waste, who is affected by nuclear waste, and who is responsible for managing nuclear waste. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Samantha Senda-Cook

Kim Townsend was born in Owyhee, Nevada, and currently lives on the Duckwater Western Shoshone Reservation. She recalls the many Western Shoshone people who have died of cancers and discusses how this lead her to work on the NUKERISK project to assess radiation doses in American Indian populations from nuclear testing. She describes her role in the NUKERISK project. Townsend also briefly discusses the role she played in the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste controversy. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Danielle Endres

Treichel was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She discusses her background, upbringing, ethical influences, and general relationship to nuclear issues. She explains that she began working on nuclear testing issues, but shifted to nuclear waste in the late 1980s, when Yucca Mountain became the sole contender for a national nuclear waste repository. Treichel describes her position on the Nevada Nuclear Waste Task Force. She then discusses the role of the public in the nuclear waste siting process, the problems with nuclear waste, the potential solutions to nuclear waste, and the future of the Yucca Mountain repository (including a discussion of President Obama’s pledge to stop Yucca Mountain and create a Blue Ribbon Commission to study nuclear waste siting options).Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Danielle Endres

Charles Esplin (b. 1918) recalls herding sheep in the 1930s near Bunkerville, Nevada, on the Arizona Strip. He talks about the life (and sometimes death) of sheep herders, BLM permits, the canyons and general terrain, weather challenges, and the habits of sheep and cattle. The sheep were sheared in April,then were returned to North Fork for lambing in early May. He discusses counting the sheep by using markers (black sheep), and describes his daily routine, the use of dogs, the threat of coyotes, and the isolation. Details are given on the docking and shearing of lambs, the death of Jonathan Heaton, and the modernization from horses to pickups, and from pioneer trails to paved roads. Branding is also discussed.Interviewer: Fred Esplin

Hashimoto (b. 1911) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He relates stories heard from his father, who came to the United States in 1896 as a railroad worker and became wealthy as an investor in various western companies. He describes his early life in the Japanese section of town, going to the Stewart School and East High, and graduating from the University of Utah. Other topics include treatment of the Japanese during World War II, his years as a physician and professor at the University of Utah, living the best of both the Japanese and American cultures, and ethnic prejudice. Interviewer: Leslie Kelen

Bennett (b. 1952) discusses her family and early memories of Costa Rica. She contracted polio at sixteen months and spent a short time in an iron lung. She received treatment at the Shriners Hospital in San Francisco, California. She describes her treatment, permanent disabilities, and post-polio health issues. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Manning describes the climbing culture in Boulder, Colorado in the 1970s. He recalls climbing in Colorado, Europe, Alaska, and the Himalaya region. He describes his expedition to Mt. Everest in 1990, which was special to him because of his son's presence at base camp. Utah Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewed by Matt Driscoll.

Reese (b. 1942) graduated from East High School in Salt Lake City, Utah, then joined the army reserve and served active duty in response to the Berlin crisis. He worked for the National Park Service as a climbing ranger at Jenny Lake in Grand Teton National Park. His first great climbing experience was Mount Rainier, where he was a part of the youngest unguided climb up to that date. He became a part of the Alpine Buck Climbing Club, and was very active in the Wasatch, which has some of the best climbing and backcountry skiing in the world. Reese talks about improvements in technology and rescue technique. His closest friends in life are climbers and he acknowledges that sometimes his family and climbing relations weren't always in balance. Utah Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: John Worsencroft

Dunford (b.1939) discusses his family and the family business, Dunford Bakery.He contracted polio at age 8 in February 1947. He describes getting sick. He and his two brothers contracted the disease at the same time and were all treated at home. They enlisted the services of Dr. Ted Robinson for a unique treatment method: liquid deprivation and sucrose injections. He describes the treatment. David also had bulbar polio and was unable to talk and swallow. He was fed through a naso-gastric tube for a period of time. He had no paralysis in his legs, but his right arm and upper respiratory functions were affected. He returned to a normal, active life, with a few physical limitations, although not immediately noticeable. He discusses possible post-polio syndrome symptoms he is now experiencing. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Collins (b. 1945) was born in San Francisco, California. He discusses his family and early memories. He contracted polio at age five and tells about getting sick and being taken by ambulance to an isolation unit at San Francisco General Hospital. He recalls the hospital conditions and activities. He couldn't walk and had difficulty breathing. He was in an iron lung for a period of time. After isolation, he moved to a general ward and started physical therapy, which included exercises, massages and hot pack treatments. Collins left the hospital with crutches and braces above the knee. He was fitted with special high-top boots with a metal sole for the braces. He had a significant limp and dragged his right foot. His mother continued his physical therapy at home for a period of years and eventually he regained use of his legs. He still has a noticeable limp when he's particularly tired. He discusses being teased at school and challenges faced during that time. He had several surgeries throughout high school, which he describes. He discusses post-polio challenges. Collins graduated from medical school and practices medicine in Salt Lake City, Utah. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Tremper (b. 1953) grew up in a large Catholic outdoorsy family in Missoula, Montana.His father was a working class businessman and his mother was an academic. Bruce was a ski racer for the University of Montana, was on the Junior National Ski Team for three years and the US Ski Team Talent Squad until he decided that he could not continue for financial reasons. In college he worked trail maintenance every summer for Glacier National Park. He got his degree in Geology and joined the Ski Patrol at Bridger Bowl, where he first started working with avalanches. He later studied with John Montagne, who he credits as a huge life influence. Tremper started the Utah Avalanche Center and works on how to give people the avalanche information they need in a simple and straightforward way. He thinks that the human influence in avalanches needs to be acknowledged and that having a system is the only way to stay safe.Each avalanche is the same story, different person. He wrote a book called Staying Alive in Avalanche Terrain. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: John Worsencroft

Horton (b. 1948) grew up in Salt Lake City. He was fascinated with climbing, and spent a great deal of his youth hiking with the Wasatch Mountain and Ute Alpine clubs. He discusses the two clubs extensively, stressing the effect they had on his development as a climber and providing background on who was climbing in Utah in the sixties and seventies. After college, Horton guided in the Tetons during the summer. He eventually became a partner in Jackson Hole Mountain Guides. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Schroer was born and raised in Missouri and majored in journalism and psychology at Drury University. She discovered how rewarding it was to work with disabled children during a college internship. After college she did an AmeriCorps position with Splore, a nonprofit organization in Salt Lake City that provides outdoor recreation opportunities for people with disabilities. She is still working there. Splore takes kids and adults out into nature on an adventure, expanding their experience and fostering a sense of empowerment. The programs include rafting, indoor and outdoor rock climbing, canoeing, snowshoeing, nordic skiing, dog sledding, camping, and hiking. Splore works with all different types of disabilities and underwrites about eighty percent of the costs so that anyone can participate. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Myers (b. 1921) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He discusses his family, growing up years, and schooling. He served an LDS mission to Los Angeles, California, while simultaneously attending school at the University of Southern California. He graduated from the USC medical school. While working as a resident at the Los Angeles County Hospital, Myers contracted polio. He was thirty years old. He describes his symptoms and treatment. He emerged from the disease with no noticeable disability. He describes possible post-Polio symptoms. Dr. Myers worked at Primary Children's Medical Center as a pediatric neurologist until his retirement. Polio Orah History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Cerre (b. 1979) was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and suffered from hip dysplasia. Treatment for her condition involved multiple surgeries and a body cast during her first year. Her family was not particularly oriented to the outdoors so early in her life she was limited to taking lessons that her parents signed her up with. Her high-energy nature led her to more adventures in the outdoors when her family moved out of urban St. Louis. She first experienced climbing when a friend, who was an experienced climber, took her to a cliff. She surprised her friend by making the climb without any falls on the first try. From that point her desire to climb played a larger part in shaping her life. To get around her parents' restriction against overnight trips she fabricated a high school sponsored climbing club. At eighteen she convinced her parents to let her go to school in Steamboat Springs to be closer to the mountains of Rifle. Shortly after she moved on to Salt Lake and the climbing opportunities it offered. Her experience and drive led her to enter into competitive climbing. Cerre believes that climbing is losing its label as an extreme sport as it becomes more popular with people left with fewer available activities. Utah Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: John Worsencroft

Marshall (b. 1946) was born in Salt Lake City. He discusses his family and recalls contracting polio in 1951 or 1952. He was hospitalized at Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City. He has no recollection of getting sick, nor of his time spent in the hospital on this first visit. After the summer of 5th grade he went to St. Marks Hospital for surgery. He describes his surgery and hospital stay. He left the hospital on crutches with a cast. His mother guided his physical therapy work at home, including learning to walk again. He reports no effects related to post-polio syndrome, although he has a residual limp that increases with fatigue. Mr. Marshall works as a software engineer. He has five children.Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Richards (b. 1947 ) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He discusses his family, particularly his father's battle with polio. Roger contracted polio at age 5 in 1952. He was sent to the Salt Lake County Hospital for a spinal tap and was placed in isolation. He relates his memories of the hospital stay, including a short time spent in an iron lung and later an oxygen tent. He discusses what he terms a miraculous experience that cured his polio. He left the hospital shortly after that incident and had some follow-up physical therapy at home for approximately one year. He wore no braces, special shoes, used crutches and had no noticeable residual effects. He has had persistent difficulty swallowing and weakened lung muscles. Mr. Richards discusses his difficulties with post-polio syndromeand its effects. His career has been in continuing the family business, Granite Furniture. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Reilly (b. 1936 )was born in Salt Lake City. He contracted polio in 1951 at the start of his 9th grade school year. He describes getting sick. He was taken to LDS Hospital for treatment and placed in an iron lung for six weeks. His body was paralyzed from the neck down. While in the hospital he was treated with hot pack therapy and, once out of the lung, water therapy. In total, he was in the hospital just over two months. He describes getting physical therapy from a married nurse/doctor team, who used electrical stimulation in conjunction with traditional therapy. He regained most of the use of his arms, and very limited use of his legs with the assistance of braces and crutches. When in college he decided to use a wheelchair full time. He completed his primary schoolingat home and graduated from the University of Utah. He describes the effects of post-polio syndrome, including the need for a tracheotomy in 1996 and a tracheostomy in 2000. Mr. Reilly worked for the State of Utah as a statistician for over thirty years. He is the father of two sons. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Castle (b. 1928 )was born in Webster County, Mississippi. He discusses his family, schooling and growing up in rural Mississippi. He contracted polio in 1936 at age eight. He felt ill for several days and afterward carried an abnormal gait. His father took him to Warm Springs, Georgia, to consult with an orthopedic physician there. They refused the physician's proposed treatment of tendon transplantation. He received no additional treatment, therapy or medical care related to polio. He reports residual weakness in both feet, although he was able to participate in a variety of sports throughout his life. Due to deteriorating ankles, he had fusion surgery in 1985 and 1994. He reports no noticeable post-polio syndrome effects. Dr. Castle graduated from high school in 1945 and completed undergraduate studies at the University of Mississippi. He attended medical school there for two years before transferring to Duke University in North Carolina. He completed a medical internship at Duke and residency in internal medicine at the University of Utah. He was drafted into the Air Force in 1954 and for two years served active duty as a base physician in Madrid, Spain. He returned to Utah and completed a fellowship in cardiology and practiced at the University of Utah until retiring in 1998. Dr. Castle discusses his work providing care for polio patients. While serving as commander of the dispensary for the Utah Air National Guard, he oversaw distribution of the polio vaccine to Guard members. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Knight (b. 1972) was born in Twin Falls, Idaho. His first exposure to the mountains was skiing and hiking in the Sun Valley/Ketchum area. When he was nine his family moved to Las Vegas where, despite missing skiing, he developed his climbing skills. He started climbing at sixteen during a family vacation in the Southern Sierras and improved his skills with his friend at the Craft Boulders and Red Rocks. While in Las Vegas he first encountered the issues between traditional climbers, like himself, and bolters. After taking the initiative to meet with groups of "bolters" he realized that the two groups, while operating under different philosophies, could coexist. At seventeen he moved to Salt Lake City to attend the University of Utah. Despite being disappointed at not being able to attend school in Colorado he encountered an active climbing scene in Utah with a diverse environment to explore. The Salt Lake area offered him a metropolitan area surrounded by continuous series of climbing opportunities. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Smith (b. 1986) was born in Big Sur, California. His father was in the oil industry so the family moved around a lot. He first started climbing in California when he was eleven and ended up moving to Utah to attend college at the University of Utah. He started traveling around the state and, during his freshman year, got a job with the Outdoor Program on campus. He started leading trips right away and then got his American Mountain Guide Certification the following summer, which is a very difficult course. He was one of the youngest to take the AMGC and now teaches it. In the course you learn how to teach climbing, establish sites, build anchors, and rescue techniques. In fall of 2007, while was still am undergraduate, the University of Utah decided to change their academic rock courses. He applied for a teaching job and got it, but had to co-teach since he was still too young. Spring of 2008 he introduced ice climbing to the university, which had never taught it before, and created a mentorship program for students who wished to learn to teach. He helped the University of Utah to be the first university to earn American Rock Guide Association accreditation. His current goal are to get International Federation of Mountain Guides Association (IFMGA) accreditation and to finish his PhD. He's currently working on expanding the University of Utah's rock and ice climbing classes. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscol

Dixon (b. 1948) was born in Washington, DC but his parents soon moved back to Salt Lake City, Utah where his family has lived for seven generations. He skied for the Alta ski team and has skied fifty six consecutive years there. He attended Whitman College and then transferred back to the University of Utah. He skied at both schools, then skied for the University of Grenoble in France. He has degrees in Philosophy and Biology, with minors in French, English, and Humanities. He did graduate school at Idaho State University. He's been a smoke jumper, river ranger, Chief of Rescue, Fire Management Officer, and a school teacher in Alaska. He talks about the poor state of education in Alaska. He has skied, traversed mountains, had first ascents, and run rivers all across the west, Canada, and Alaska. Many of his "firsts" have not been repeated. He's the vice president of the Seward Iditarod Trailblazers and fought for the Alaskan Lands Act. He's one of the few people who has ever survived a double malfunction with his parachute. He calls Seward Alaska home, and lives with his wife and two sons. He and his wife started taking their kids outdoors when they were really young because he thinks it's important for their development. "The greatest gift a parent can give a child is that child can grow up and live the dreams of their youth and this I've done." Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: John Worsencroft

Santoro is a Michigan native living in Salt Lake City and working for Black Diamond. He discusses his introduction to climbing during his college years at the University of Michigan. Following his freshman year in college, Tom worked for the US Forest Service as a wilderness ranger in the High Uintas Wilderness Area. During his college years, he worked for an outdoor retail store in Ann Arbor, climbed at a local gym, took weekend trips to Kentucky's Red River Gorge and West Virginia's Seneca Rocks, and enrolled in the Colorado Mountain School. His passion for climbing eventually brought him West, first to Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and then to Salt Lake City. Santoro discusses his experiences working for Black Diamond,the importance of safety in climbing, and the importance of trustbetween climbing partners. The conversation concludes with his reflections on the uniqueness of climbing in the Wasatch, with specific attention to the access to several different climbing areas. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Pett (b. 1940) was born in Payson, Utah. He spent the first ten years of his life in Eureka, Utah, where his family was involved in the mining industry. The family then moved to Murray, Utah. He discusses his family, schooling and growing up years. Pett began working with the Murray Parks and Recreation Department when he was sixteen years old as a part-time, seasonal worker. Eventually he became a full-time employee of the department, and at age twenty-three (1963) was appointed as the Superintendent of the department. He continued in this position until 1988, when he was appointed as Murray City's Assistant Mayor. He was elected Mayor of Murray in 1990, serving two terms until 1998. Pett describes his tenure as park superintdent, including the development of the Ken Price Ballpark. During his time as assistant mayor, He relates what he considers to be his most significant work as assistant mayor: development of the Jordan River Parkway and golf course. Pett's time as mayor was marked by several important projects. He was a leading advocate for the light rail mass transit system planned for the Salt Lake Valley. His close relationship with the EPA was renewed when the old Murray smelter land was slated to become a Super Fund site. He tells about his negotiations with EPA officials, and the landowners of the site, to come to a mutually agreeable solution for a cleanup of the area, thus averting a Super Fund designation. He facilitated the successful acquisition of the property by Intermountain Healthcare, where they constructed a large medical campus. He and his wife, Kathleen, live in Murray. They are the parents of two children. Mayors Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Dann was born at the homestead in Crescent Valley, Nevada in the 1930s. She discusses her background, upbringing, and ethical principles. She talks about her time as an activist, particularly with regard to nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site and the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository. She states that she was more active in opposing nuclear testing, but has done some activist work to oppose nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain. Carrie describes her role in the debate over nuclear waste, who is affected by nuclear waste disposal, and who is responsible. She also talks about her role in fighting for sovereignty and what it means to be a traditional indigenous person. Carrie's interview ends with her comment about traditional ways compared with Western ways. Nuclear Technology History Project. Interviewer: Samantha Senda-Cook

Butler (b. 1948) was born in Price, Utah. Her family moved to Dragerton (East Carbon) in 1950. She contracted polio at age three and a half years of age in August 1951. She was transported to the Salt Lake County Hospital, where she remained in isolation for three weeks. She was transferred to Holy Cross Hospital in Salt Lake City and was treated there from September to December of that year. She entered Shriners Hospital in Salt Lake City in early 1952 and stayed there for therapy for eighteen months. She thereafter periodically returned to Shriners for lengthy stays, receiving various surgical procedures—thirteen in all—until she was sixteen years old. Ms. Butler recalls time spent in the hospital, details of her surgeries, and various treatments and therapies received.Butler was paralyzed in all four limbs at the time of her illness. She recovered some use of her left side. She was outfitted with full-length leg braces and crutches and has used a wheelchair in public since 1954. Around her home she used crutches and eventually shed first the left leg brace, then later the right. Ms. Butler discusses post-polio syndrome effects, difficulties and necessary adjustments. She has exclusively used a wheelchair since 2002. Butler received both a master's degree and a PhD in Library Science and currently serves as the Director of the Brigham Young University Library. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewed by Becky B. Lloyd.

Prescott (b. 1948) was born in Pocatello, Idaho. After contracting polio at age 15 months, he was hospitalized and spent time in an iron lung. His entire body was paralyzed, but he regained function in his upper body. He had leg braces until age eight and used crutches his entire life until his early fifties, when he moved to full-time wheelchair use. He talks about his school experiences and difficulties. He discusses post-polio syndrome and its effects. Mr. Prescott served a LDS mission to Texas, married, had eight children, and worked as an accountant. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Vellekoop (b. 1945) was born in Lorain, Ohio. Her parents were serving as missionaries in Indonesia when Connie contracted polio at age 18 months. She describes what she's been told about getting sick and the course of treatment, first in a hospital, then at home with the "Sister Kenny" treatment administered by her father. She was afflicted in both legs up to her mid torso. She used a left leg brace built by her father. The family returned to the US in 1953, and Connie received several surgeries in a Los Angeles children's orthopedic hospital between ages eight and eleven. She used full-length braces for years after her surgeries. She describes the surgeries and hospitalizations and She discusses post-polio challenges. Connie completed her music degree. She teaches piano and is a published writer. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Beloeil grew up in France and climbed for the first time when she was 12 years old. Although she was involved in many sports as a child and adolescent she did not consider herself very good at them. She did not like the rules and restrictions that were a part of organized sports. The natural rhythm of climbing and the freedom it offered over other sports were what attracted Cathy. The clarity required during climbing brings an almost meditative calm over her mind. Utah Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Rosie is from Oregon, went to the University of Oregon, and came to Salt Lake City through AmeriCorps. Clay Cahoon is from Los Angeles ,but was raised in Utah. They both believe that climbing is a major part of their relationship and their lifestyle. They're always "chasing the dream" of new climbs and routes. They know they don't make a lot of money but they think it's more important to enjoy life. They agree that the ethics of climbing have changed over the years. It's gotten really crowded,and it seems as though people put routes everywhere. Rosie believes that women climbers have a more competitive,yet close relationship and feels that sometimes it's hard for her to have friends who aren't climbers. Rosie likes to have a balance climbing and other things, while Clay believes he could climb every day and be happy. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Colette (b. 1982) was born in Nashville, Tennessee, and attended college at Fordham University in New York City, during which time she began climbing in gyms in Connecticut and New Jersey. She discusses her introduction to climbing, primarily bouldering and sport climbing, and the evolution of her passion for climbing during road trips out West and throughout her relationship with professional climber Joe Kinder. Colette responds to questions about the growing population of female climbers, offering her insights about women's influence and presence in the greater climbing community. She shares her thoughts on current route development and bolting and explains the challenges taken on by the small portion of climbers who develop routes. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Ohran (b. 1971) was born in Provo, Utah, where he honed his skills, beginning in Rock Canyon. He benefitted from the guidance of Jeff Pedersen, with whom he would later run Mountain Works, a climbing gear shop located in Provo. Mountain Works responded to the need for specialized gear for sport climbers and, like Salt Lake City-based IME, served as a place for the climbing community to assemble to discuss gear and climbing beta. Bill discusses the developing popularity of sport climbing. He also shares his thoughts on the challenges and rewards of bolting sport climbing routes. In the 2000s, he moved to Saint George, Utah, with his wife and climbing partner Misty Murphy. Bill continues to be responsible for putting up well-thought of routes in such areas as Zion National Park, Utah Hills, and the Virgin Mountains. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Pedersen is the owner of the Momentum Climbing Gym in Sandy, Utah, and was a key figure in the rise of sport climbing in Utah in the late 1980s and early 1990s. As the owner of Momentum and The Quarry, Jeff is uniquely able to discuss the role climbing gyms have played in the growing popularity of climbing during the last two decades. He shares his experience with these climbing gyms and their aim to appeal to a larger demographic while also supporting the training of dedicated climbers. He also comments on the challenges and successes of climbing gyms as an industry. Jeff discusses his relationship with Boone Speed and Bill Boyle, who along with Jeff were largely responsible for the development of challenging routes in American Fork, Santaquin, and Rock Canyons. The interview concludes with Matt Driscoll asking Jeff a series of questions about his influences and the leading figures in current Utah climbing. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Yvette (b. 1971) was born in Norway, Maine, and went to college at BYU after being raised Mormon. She started climbing at the Rock Garden Climbing Gym in Provo, Utah, in 1994 and thinks that climbing is the reason she stayed in Utah. She compares climbing to dance in the area of strength and technique, but says that people are much stronger now then when she first started. Yvette thinks that climbing was a little more clique-ish when she started. It was harder to be accepted then. She also thinks that climbers tend to be more short-focused now (like with bouldering). When she first started, climbers would have projects that they'd work on for weeks or months. She does mostly sport climbing and thinks Utah is special because you can pretty much climb year-round with a vast variety of rock. Her favorite climbs are mostly in St. George. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Kamahauoha (b. 1983) was born in Kahuku, Hawaii. Her father grew up in California, Idaho, and Utah, and her mother was raised in Utah. They met at a school dance and moved to Hawaii to attend the University of Hawaii. Her mother became an RN and her father became an entrepreneur. Michelle grew up in Hawaii and moved to Utah to attend BYU. She recalls growing up in Hawaii, rebelling as an adolescent, Mormon culture in Hawaii, and being white in Hawaii. Pacific Islanders Oral History Project. Interviewer: Savani Aupiu

Dickson (b. 1955) was born in Joplin, Missouri. She moved with her family to Salt Lake City, Utah, as a child and has spent the majority of her life in the Salt Lake Valley. Dickson discusses her experiences being diagnosed with thyroid cancer before the age of 30 and losing a sister to cancer. She believes that both her and her sister's illnesses were caused by exposure to nuclear fallout while living in Salt Lake. As an activist and playwright, Dickson works to increase awareness of the harm done to human health and the environment by governmental nuclear tests and to prevent future testing that could incur more damage. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Samantha Senda-Cook

Lockhart (b. 1933) is a law professor at the University of Utah and has been active in the litigation of a number of environmental conflicts. Terri Martin is an activist and consultant with organizations such as Don't Waste Utah, Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, and Women Protecting Wilderness. Together they describe their respective roles in working to deny the placement of nuclear waste near Canyonlands National Park and in other sites throughout Utah. They also discuss the major forces and stumbling blocks surrounding siting decisions, including political factions/alliances, funding, and value placed on the West. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Danielle Endres

Bigwood (b. 1969) was born in Claremont, California, but moved to Colorado where he became what he describes as a "compulsive and addictive climber." He moved to Moab, Utah, where he was involved in route development in Southern Utah. He and Dave Medara started a guiding company, Moab Desert Adventures. Kirsten (b. 1972) is from Irondequoit, New York. She discovered her passion for climbing while working as a guide on Lake Superior during her college years. She abandoned a career in engirneering to pursue climbing throughout the country. She is involved in HERA: Climb for Life, an organization that raises money for breast cancer research. Noah and Kirsten are married and have a son, Benjamin, who makes several appearances over the course of the interview. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Boyle (b. 1949) was born in Kentucky. His father was in the military and he was raised in the South. In 1976 he moved to Utah to attend the University of Utah and pursue a graduate degree in psychology. He quickly developed an interest in skiing and then, climbing. He describes trips to the City of Rocks, the first place he was involved in bolting sport climbing routes. While Boyle is an accomplished traditional climber, having climbed extensively in Yosemite and other traditional climbing destinations, it is the development of sport climbs in American Fork during the late 1980s, that cement his place in Utah climbing history. He talks about the challenges and rewards of bolting sports routes. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Garrett (b. 1951) was born in Duluth, Minnesota, started skiing when he was around six or seven years old, and eventually moved to Montana, where he continued to pursue skiing. He moved to Switzerland, met his wife, Franziska, and discovered climbing under the influence of the Von Kämel brothers, Swiss mountain guides. James returned to the States in 1980 and worked as a ski patroller in Colorado before eventually settling in Salt Lake City with his wife in 1981. James draws frequent comparisons between the American and European climbing ethic, noting the support provided to climbing by government institutions in Europe. He is an accomplished first ascensionist, having developed new routes in the Wasatch and the West Desert, among other places. He discusses the development of climbing in Utah's West Desert, specifically an area called Ibex. James wrote a guidebook on climbing in the West Desert and responds to questions about the qualities that a good guidebook should have, alluding to the Ruckman guidebook on Wasatch climbing as a model text. He continues to climb actively, often traveling international to climb in new places and experience different cultures. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Irvine grew up in Salt Lake City. He started climbing in 1957 when he was working in Grand Teton National Park. He was a member of the Alpenbock, one of the three main climbing clubs in Utah, along with the Ute Alpine Club and the Wasatch Mountain Club. Irvine sold tickets at the Moose entrance before moving to Jenny Lake, where he worked as a ranger for thirty-three years. He believes Grand Teton is one of the most beautiful places in the world, but everywhere in the park he is reminded of rescuing someone, or picking up a body. Since moving back to Utah he's become active in the Ogden ski community and the Utah Nordic Alliance. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscol

Murphy (b.1970) grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah, and currently resides in Saint George with her husband, Bill Ohran. Misty's father started the Ski Jumping Program at Alta, and she was a committed skier before she began climbing at the age of 27. She is also a musician, and discusses the connections she experiences between climbing, music, and dance. She often plays music at climbing events and fundraisers. Misty discusses the development of the climbing community during the past fifteen years with specific commentary on the growing involvement of female climbers. She prefers climbing with women because of the comfortable dynamic between female climbers and their shared understanding of the different way women tend to move on rock. Misty maintains an active blog spot about climbing, which gained publicity from Rock and Ice Magazine for its playful jabs about climbers and the climbing community. She has put up a number of first ascents in the Saint George area, an area she heralds for its year-round climbing and the variety of rock available to climbers. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscol

Robert (b. 1943) was born in Provo and raised in the Salt Lake area. He took up skiing when he was twelve or thirteen. He joined his neighborhood buddies and younger brother and skied on Saturday mornings. Skiing was just a part of his love for the outdoors, which came to include climbing, hiking, fishing and canoeing. During his life he has witnessed great changes in how people can access the natural areas of the United States. The increase in the popularity of outdoor activities has widened choices, but has also seen the rise of regulations and crowds. Coming from a time where the opportunities to turn ones avocation into a vocation were very limited and difficult he lives by a simple rule: keep those parts of his life separate. Jonathan (b. 1970) is the son of Robert Springmeyer and shares his love for the outdoors. He started skiing at three years old, back when there was no ski equipment made for young children. He broke his leg during his second ski season, at the age of four, at Chickadee Shoots. Reminded of the trips he took with his father as a kid, he recalls innocently breaking park regulations during a canoeing and fishing trip to Yellowstone Park. He is trying to teach his kids to respect the outdoors, especially since they live in a place where the outdoors can literally be in your backyard. Like his father, he believes that the best way to destroy an avocation is to make it a vocation. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: John Worsencroft

Paul Tusting was born in Miami and grew up in Cambridgle, Massachusetts. He originally became interested in the outdoors and in climbing at a private school which had an Outward-Bound type program. He moved to Salt Lake in 1999, hoping to work for Black Diamond. He worked for HR on various tech and design projects, but the majority his time was on the C4s and C3s. Tusting talks at length on the history of Black Diamond and Chouinard Equipment. Tusting has done a number of first ascents and some guidebook writing. He says he has a moral dilemma about writing guidebooks because increased traffic hurts the rock. Outdoor Recreation Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscol

Boyce (b. 1926) was born in Tuckerman, Arkansas. He attended The Citadel for one year (1943-44) before volunteering for the Army infantry in September 1944. He received basic training at Camp Robinson and additional training as an infantry rifleman. He was shipped to the Philippines with the 31st "Dixie" Division, 124th Regiment, Company E. Later assigned as a medic to his unit, he discusses his activities and experiences there. After boarding a ship to return to the States, he developed polio that affected his arms and legs. Placed in isolation onboard ship, he was immobilized and received around the clock care. After landing in San Francisco, Boyce was treated for a time in the hospital at the Presidio, then was transported by hospital train to the hospital at Fort Sam Houston, where he started physical therapy. Later he was transported by train in a Pullman car to Malvern, Arkansas, then by ambulance to the Army Navy Hospital in Hot Springs, Arkansas. He describes his care, therapy (including hot packs) and the hospital. Upon discharge he returned to school, where he earned a law degree and practiced law until retirement. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Jorgen was born in San Francisco, California. She contracted polio at age 10. She describes getting sick and her symptoms. She was hospitalized in the Children's Hospital in San Francisco, and recalls her treatment and therapy, including after leaving the hospital. She was mostly affected in her left leg, which is shorter than her right and has a "drop foot." She discusses post-polio symptoms and challenges. Ms. Jorgen's career was as a psychotherapist. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Ms. Larsen (b. 1940) was born in Chicago, Illinois. She talks about her family and describes contracting polio at age 6 in Kenosha, Wisconsin, along with two of her siblings. Although sick, she was not hospitalized, but was quarantined in her home where she was treated by her mother. She discusses therapies and treatments used. She emerged from the sickness with no apparent residual effects. Ms. Larsen concludes by discussing possible post-polio complications and challenges. Polio Oral Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Moss (b. 1935) was born in Rock Springs, Wyoming. He contracted polio at age four and was hospitalized in the Wyoming General Hospital in Rocks Springs. He discusses getting sick and his memories of time in the hospital. He was transferred to Holy Cross Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah. Both legs were paralyzed and he used leg braces and crutches for a time, which he describes. He talks about difficulties with schooling, work and accommodation. He describes the challenges of post-polio symptoms. Mr. Moss had a successful career in the drilling business. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Torres-Gil (b. 1948) was born in Salinas, California. He was six months old when he contracted polio while living in Castroville, California. He was initially sent to Monterey County General Hospital in Salinas for treatment. His parents were immigrants from Mexico and were agricultural workers in California. He discusses his immediate and extended family, the family dynamics related to his illness, recovery and subsequent surgeries, and the support system developed with his family. He was locally treated by his physician, Dr. Englehorn. When initial treatments proved ineffective, Dr. Englehorn, a Shriner, arranged for Torres-Gil's treatment at Shriners Hospital in San Francisco. His first hospital stay was at age 2 in 1950. He left the hospital after that stay using braces and crutches. He was subsequently hospitalized, for lengthy stays ranging from three to nine months, for various surgeries between 1954 and 1966. He describes these surgeries and his recollections of care and activities while in the hospital. He continues to use braces and crutches. He has never regained use of his right leg.Torres-Gil discusses his schooling, both while in the hospital and through the public school system. He talks about his progress, challenges and accommodation. He earned Associate and Bachelor degrees in California; Master's and Doctorate degrees at Brandeis University. He has served on various councils for three US presidents, including currently on the Council on Aging.The interview concludes with Dr. Torres-Gil discussing the onset of, challenges with and adapting to post-polio syndrome.Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Gray (b. 1945) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. She contracted polio when she was nearly six years old, in August of 1951. She talks about her memories of getting sick, being hospitalized, and time spent in an iron lung. She discusses therapies and treatments used during the course of her disease, memories of various surgeries (including a spinal fusion and several muscle "transplants" that continued into her early college years) and using braces, crutches, and frequently a wheelchair in certain settings. Other topics include her schooling in Salt Lake City and at the University of California at Berkeley, the challenges and obstacles she faced throughout her schooling experiences, and her year in the VISTA program in the St. Louis area. She also relates her thoughts and perceptions about medical treatment received by polio survivors, and about post-polio syndrome as it relates to her current medical condition. Polio Orah History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Lambert (b. 1912) was born in Alberta, Canada. She discusses her family, work, schooling and marriage. Her son, Dale, contracted polio at age 3 while living in California. Verl talks about his illness, hospitalization, the family being quarantined and Dale's treatment. She was restricted in hospital visits during Dale's 7-8 month stay. Their family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, where Dale received surgery and further treatment. She discusses these as well as his schooling challenges and their work with the March of Dimes. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

McCraw (b. 1930) is from Hopkinsville, Kentucky. He discusses his family life. He contracted polio at approximately age six, and tells about getting sick. He was taken to a Shriners hospital in Louisville, Kentucky, about 200 miles from his home. He discusses his hospital experience, including treatments and therapies. He was discharged from the hospital in full-length braces and an arm extension. His left leg and right arm were both permanently affected. He had subsequent surgeries and hospitalizations through his twenties. Mr. McCraw was an auto mechanic and ran a successful business in the Chicago area before retiring and returning to the family home in Kentucky. He has not experienced post-polio syndrome. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Chase N. Peterson (b. 1929) was born in Logan, Utah, to Elmer George Peterson and Phebe Nebeker. His grandparents on his father side were Gus Peterson and Agusta (Aggie) Steward Geddes, and his maternal grandparents were Hyrum Nebeker and Phebe Almira Hulme. His father attended Utah State Agricultural College and then went to the University of Chicago for his masters, and then on to Cornell for his PhD in Baceteriology. Chase was named after an uncle who died at one year of age from "winter disease." His father became president of Utah State University at the age of thirty-three, and Chase grew up in the president's home. He enjoyed mixing with classes, sports teams, the marching band, and the dairy. He learned to play tennis quite well. He spent his summers at the family ranch near Laketown, Utah, mostly working in the hay fields. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Rossi was born in Boston, but his parents moved the family to the Bronx when he was three months old. He explains that his parents moved because of the free public universities available in New York and their knowledge that they would not be able to afford private universities for him and his brother. He credits his brother with convincing him to stick with mathematics over English when he attended the College of the City of New York. He discusses his support, as part of the Brandeis faculty, of the student telephone networks during 1960s activism against the war in Vietnam. The work of a close friend and his fondness for the West led him to come to the University of Utah in1974. He goes on to discuss the creation of the ACESS Program to train and retain women in the sciences and how it has fared. He and his wife attempted to become "Californians" after his retirement from the faculty in 2003 but decided to return to Utah two years later. University History Project. Interviewer: Anne Peterson

The son of a professor of Russian literature and language, Dr. Sokolsky had originally wanted to study medicine but serendipitous events led him to study physics at the University of Chicago. Of his projects he is most proud of the Fly's Eye project and his current project, the Telescope Array, where he is part of a group of 130 scientists. He discusses ACCESS, the University of Utah program to train and retain women in the sciences. He sees the lack of women pursuing science and mathematics as a continuing problem and hopes the program will be recreated throughout Utah. He has been Dean of the College of Science at the University of Utah for five years and explains that it was the amazing quality of the faculty that made him want to be Dean. Project. Interviewer:

Dr. Walker was born in Columbia, Mississippi, in 1942. Most of his time growing up was spent in Clinton due to the moves necessitated by his father's military obligations. He was a very good student in high school as well as an athlete, receiving a scholarship to play at BYU. He played fullback at BYU and undertook studying pre-med. Once he returned from his LDS Church mission he dedicated most of his time to his studies rather than football because he knew he wanted to be a physician. Later at the University of Tennessee medical school he became excited about neurology. He finished his residency in Phoenix, then joined the faculty at Primary Children's Hospital in 1976 as a pediatric neurologist. He later came back to the University of Utah as a full-time faculty member in 1981. He was Division Chief for twenty eight years and served as chairman of the American Board of Pediatric Neurological Surgery. Currently he is serving as chairman of the accreditation council for the ABPNS. University of Utah Project. Interviewer: Anne Peterson

Deitz (b. 1932) was born in New Jersey. He describes his enlistment in the Navy after the start of the Korean War, and his service as a corpsman with the medical corps of the Marines. It was during his travels for the military that he visited Salt Lake City and was positively influenced by the people and environment. This experience later influenced his decision to attend the University of Utah, where he completed his bachelor of science in 1957. He then studied immunology at Rutgers University where he met his wife. They left for Temple University, where he studied from 1961 to 1965, while they also raised a family. In 1970 he started his private practice in San Francisco and also worked as a rheumatologist for the 49ers football team. Currently he is an allergist for the San Francisco Giants. He credits the intense training he received throughout his life, especially at the University of Utah, for his success. Interviewer: Anne Peterson

Ashley Patterson grew up in Yakima, Washington. Her parents were from the midwest, but they moved west and took advantage of the resources for outdoor amusement. Ashley grew up knowing the benefits of the outdoors. Her parents were also very environmentally conscious and passed that along to their daughter. She feels a strong connection to the west. She went to college in the east and took an environmental history course and decided she wanted to be involved with environmental issues in her career. After a brief stint in the book fair business, she decided to put her environmental studies background to use. She took a class on solar panels and discovered a love of building green homes and shelters. While visiting friends in Portland, she came across a green building supply business and decided that was what she wanted to do in Salt Lake, so she started the Green Building Center. Ashley describes becoming a green business owner and navigating the local business scene as well as the local environmentalist scene. Mostly, she does things her own way, though, and doesn't participate very often in business organizations or green events. Her concerns as a business owner are not only to be green, but to also be conscious of social justice issues behind the products she buys and sells. It's important to her to know where the products are coming from, what's in the products, and who's making them. She talks about opening a second store in Park City, and the difference between customers there compared to customers in Salt Lake City, who seem to be on more of a budget. Ashley also discusses her involvement with Wasatch Community Gardens. She took a class there, saw a class being taught for children, and realized how important the work they're doing is. Utah Environmentalists Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Yeagle (b. 1962) was born in Utah and attended Westminster College. She started climbing with friends while attending graduate school at the University of Utah. She had an ex-boyfriend who climbed, and her brother was in a climbing accident when he was young, so she had a bad association with the sport for quite awhile. She thinks there is a climbing culture that consists of "innies" and "outies," and that it can be very hard to be accepted, especially as a woman. She's not sure if the male dominance and ego have changed over the years or if she's just gotten older and wiser about who she surrounds herself with. She knows a lot of people who are judgmental towards her for being an older woman climber who still climbs hard, because most give up by her age. Anne speaks about the importance of finding a good climbing partner and how you have to want and help them to succeed. The relationship with your belayer is an intimate one. There are too many climbers out there who don't want you to succeed because they want to be better than you. When the ego is involved in climbing you find yourself only enjoying the successes, rather than the other all experience. She found that sometimes her succeeding as a climber put a strain on her relationship with her husband, who was also her climbing partner and sometimes she'd find herself purposefully failing. She has put up a lot of routes, especially in the Swell and a remote backpacking location in Wyoming. Mentors are very important in introducing people, especially new types of people, to the sport. She had mentors which encouraged her. She thinks that is how the sport should access minorities, it's not just an economic barrier. She wishes the climbing community had a mentoring program to encourage minority kids to start. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Burr (b. 1977) grew up in Sonoma County, California. He is currently the Senior Contributing Photographer for Climbing Magazine. He started climbing while he was living in Tempe, Arizona, after finishing high school. Andrew moved to Salt Lake City in 1999 and immediately began to climb in the Wasatch Mountains. He discusses his first climbs in the Wasatch, including the West Slabs of Mount Olympus and the Schoolroom in Little Cottonwood Canyon. After earning a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Utah and working for the USGS, Andrew decided to pursue a career as a climbing photographer. He discusses this difficult but rewarding transition and describes the recent evolution of No Star Tuesdays, an effort by a group of climbers to rediscover forgotten and out-of-the-way crags and climbs in the Wasatch. He professes a great interest in the history of climbing in the Wasatch, explaining how its depth of history more than makes up for its fractured rock. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Feagin (b.1966) was born in Washington, D.C., but spent her formative years in San Francisco, California, and Jackson, Wyoming. When she moved to Jackson, she competed as a ski racer for her high school, and around the same time, she learned to climb in the Tetons. After graduating from Duke University with a Bachelor's degree in Engineering, she returned to Jackson, worked briefly for a software company, and then decided to pursue her passion for climbing. She traveled for a number of years and began to climb big walls in Yosemite and other places. Nancy moved to Salt Lake City in 1991 to work at just-opening Rockreation. Since she has lived in Salt Lake, she has made numerous significant climbing trips, most notably a solo ascent of Aconcagua in South America and a 2001 ascent of Mount Everest. Nancy speaks about a number of her climbing partners, as well as the numerous transitions in her climbing career. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Kimbrough (b. 1938) spent his teenage and young adult years in Chattanooga. The area was rich in sandstone formations which gave him a lot of cave exploring activities as a youth. He started exploring caves across the region of Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia but eventually wanted to also climb. He started climbing in 1960 and got drafted shortly after. In the army he found a friend, Steve Roper, that was also an avid climber. After the army he spent years climbing from a recommended list Roper gave him. In 1973 he started working for the Park Service in the Tetons, generally doing upkeep, patron safety, and rescues. He has witnessed the development of equipment improvements and a widening of the climbing community with more women becoming involved. He has always balanced the risks with the rewards of climbing and still believes you have to stick your neck out. At the same time, he worries when he sees his son doing the same sort of things he did. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: John C. Worsencroft

Olevsky (b. 1954) was born in New York City, and grew up in rural Connecticut, where he developed an enthusiasm for the outdoors. Ron spent a summer in Switzerland in 1968 and was exposed to climbing for the first time. In 1970, he worked on a ranch in Wyoming, and eventually he hitchhiked to Boulder, Colorado, enrolling shortly thereafter at University of Colorado-Boulder and climbing extensively in Rocky Mountain National Park. Ron describes his new route development in Rocky Mountain National Park and Zion National Park. He identifies some of the key figures in route development in southern Utah and shares his observations on the Utah climbing culture and community. The interview concludes as Ron describes his experiences as a climbing guide in southern Utah. Outdoor Recreation History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Ruckman (b. 1966) was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. Stuart shares how his family, particularly his father, played a significant role in introducing him to the outdoors. Some of his initial explorations included a hike to the top of Mount Olympus when he was five years old, backpacking trips in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, and a successful summit attempt on the Grand Teton when he was twelve. Stuart discovered technical rock climbing due to the influence of his older brother Bret, five years Stuart's senior. Bret learned under Dennis Turville, a well-respected Salt Lake climbing instructor. Stuart shares his observations on the Salt Lake climbing community of the late 1970s and 1980s, noting the intimacy of the community, while also pointing out the significant influence of a handful of climbers, including Merril Bitter, Les Ellison, and Brian Smoot. He briefly describes the proliferation of new-route development in the Wasatch during his first decade in climbing. In collaboration with his brother Bret, Stuart published comprehensive guidebooks on climbing in the Wasatch Mountains. Stuart's contributions as a first-ascensionist and co-author of Rock Climbing the Wasatch Range attest to his lasting impact on Utah climbing. Outdoor Recreation History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Mathey grew up at the base of the Wind River Mountains in Green River, Wyoming. Her parents took the family camping and she spent a lot of time in the outdoors when she was young. She credits those experiences camping with her family as the most influential factor in developing her passion for environmental issues. Her parents encouraged her to develop her spiritual side by connecting with nature. Rachel also took part in the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) when she was young. During her first summer with the school, she had an epiphany, and knew that she was connected to nature and that she wanted to do something to help preserve the environment. She moved to Salt Lake City to go to school because she had family there, and studied at Westminster College. She took all the courses they provided for geology and then all the courses with environmental as a prefix. For one of her courses it was required that the students volunteer for a local organization. She volunteered for SUWA and developed an interest in keeping wild areas wild throughout the country. Her volunteer work at SUWA provided her with the opportunity for an internship at Save Our Canyons, which led to a job at Utah Environmental Congress, where she works doing the same thing she did at Save Our Canyons. Rachel discusses the differences between the two organizations: each organization has a different member base and works on different issues. Utah Environmentalists Oral History Project. Interviewer: Rob DeBirk

Blaine (b. 1947) was born in Richfield, Utah, but spent his early childhood moving around as his father continued his education and took up student teaching employment. They eventually settled in Layton. He graduated from Weber State with a major in history and a minor in anthropology. He has worked for the Park Service in Montana and with the Bureau of Land Management as an archeologist. The loss of archeological sites to construction, drilling, and dam flooding upsets him but he appreciates the remaining sites in the Southwest. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Desiree Beaudry

Pam was born in Lovell, Wyoming. She is the oldest of 5 children. Her parents' struggle because of their lack of education provided her incentive to pursue higher education. She remembers visiting her grandmother at work at the library and always reading many books. Her grandmother would also give her cast off books which she read. Her father died in an accident when she was in high school and the family struggled. Her high school counselor helped her to apply for enough grants and scholarships to attend Ricks College. She transferred to BYU where she became interested in archeology. She remembers the archeology fieldwork she did without sunscreen and not too worried about drinking from streams. Her and her husband Blaine have spent a part of the life working to protect and preserve the Nine Mile Canyon. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Desiree Beaudry

Straube (b. 1952) was born in Toronto, grew up in New Jersey, and now resides in Utah. She was a practicing lawyer for over fifteen years in Pennsylvania, Alaska, and Utah with emphasis upon environmental issues. For the last decade, she has focused her efforts on dispute resolution, mediation, and facilitation. Straube specializes in collaborative problem-solving. She is currently the director of Salt Lake Mayor Ralph Becker's collaborative government initiative, Salt Lake Solutions and teaches in the S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Michele Straube

Cootey (b. 1945) was born in Somerville, Massachusetts. She contracted polio at age nine in Wilmington, Massachusetts. She describes getting sick and being taken to Boston Children's Hospital. She talks about the treatments she received there, which included penicillin injections, and relates her vague recollection of an iron lung. She talks about her physical condition upon discharge, which mostly affected her right side. Ms. Cootey received physical therapy from Boston Children's until age fifteen and talks about that experience. She wore a back brace during her early teen years to help reduce a curvature of the spine. She also discusses the effects of the disease on her and her family. She received a degree and worked as a radiology technologist until age thirty, when the effects of post-polio syndrome forced her out of the field. She discusses the challenges of post-polio syndrome. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Jarvis (b. 1944) was born in Hollywood, California. His family was in California while his father served in World War II. After the war, they returned to their family ranch in Texas, where Jeff grew up. He discusses his family and childhood. He contracted polio at age five; describes getting sick, and his time spent in the city-county hospital of Fort Worth, Texas. He discusses treatments and therapies received, including physical therapy in a warm water bath. He describes hospital activities. The disease rendered him with paralysis in the legs, and some arm paralysis, with slow improvement over time. He discusses his recovery. Mr. Jarvis attended the Air Force Academy. He served in Intelligence, including overseas duty in Vietnam. He retired from the military and worked in private industry before retirement. He discusses the onset of and his challenges with post-polio syndrome. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Kohler (b. 1944) was born in Pratt Kansas. He grew up in Rochester, New York, where he contracted polio at the age of four and a half. He describes getting sick. He was taken to Strong Memorial Hospital in Rochester, New York, where he remained for more than three months. He was placed in an iron lung, and relates his memories of his time and treatment there. The polio mainly affected his lungs and his left side. He tells of the types of physical therapy used to treat him in the hospital. He was discharged from the hospital to a convalescent home, where he remained for a period of less than one year, while they continued with intensive physical therapy. His physical therapy continued once he returned home. Mr. Kohler led a very active life with no immediately noticeable residual effects of polio, until the onset of post polio syndrome, which he describes. Mr. Kohler's career has been as an educator and entrepreneur. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Palfreyman (b. 1949) was born in Logan, Utah. She discusses growing up on a farm in Cache Valley, where she contracted polio at the age of three and was treated at home. She relates her memories of getting sick and the treatments received, including regular injections and hot packs. She was left with permanent immobility in her left leg and endured several surgeries over a number of years, which she describes. These included bone shortening and muscle transplants. Ms. Palfreyman has used various types of braces and crutches off and on throughout her life. She discusses her health difficulties during recent years and their possible connection to post-polio syndrome. Ms. Palfreyman studied nursing and received her LPN license. She worked for several years as a bedside nurse. Polio Oral History Project. Interviewer: Becky B. Lloyd

Brinkman (b. 1942) was born in Minnesota. He received both an undergraduate and a master's degree in philosophy. He taught for a few years at St. Benedict's in Minnesota before earning his doctorate degree in economics from the University of Arizona. He worked for the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems for a number of years. Mr. Brinkman joined the University of Utah in 1990 as the Director of Planning and Policies Studies. He was later promoted to the Associate Vice President of Budget and Planning. In this interview, Mr. Brinkman discusses the economics of higher education; budget planning and management for a university; his work-related publications; the intricacies of enrollment management; the complications of determining and managing tuition; and the impact of the University of Utah's entry into the PAC-12. Mr. Brinkman was named emeritus Associate Vice President of Budget and Planning in September 2011. University Oral History Project. Interviewer: Anne Peterson.

Transcript in process. Interviewer: Stan Larson.

Salt Lake City based climber Russell Jacobs recounts his global experiences as a climber and shares his views of the climbing scene. Going into great detail, Jacobs describes climbs in South American, Europe and throughout North America. His stories include descriptions of the changes in the landscape and the people who climb. He feels that there has been an improvement in how the nation protects its natural wonders and that those who climb are more cognizant of preserving the environment that they use as well as taking better care of themselves. Jacobs also discusses his reasons for climbing and the additional challenges it has posed. He feels he has been fortunate in having jobs that allowed him to climb. He also feels that if more people would go out and experience nature it would transform their lives. Climbing allows him to get away from the negative aspects of urban living. Balancing his life between climbing and his other responsibilities is an ever-present challenge and one that motivated him not to raise children. He discusses how other climbers have dealt with balancing their different passions. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

Phillips (b. 1976) was raised in Salt Lake City, Utah. Tyler discovered his love for the outdoors through the influence of his parents, as well as early experiences with the Boy Scouts. As a child, he skied at Solitude, but by the time he was in his teens he began to explore the backcountry. He also began climbing when he was seventeen years old with his close friends, who learned under the tutelage of local guide John Johnson. After high school, Tyler briefly attended Dixie State University and then lived for several years in Cedar City, where he and a handful of friends became involved in developing first ascents. Tyler describes some of his early efforts as a first ascensionist. Eventually, after honing his skills as a climber, Tyler returned to Salt Lake City and continued to pursue first ascents in the Wasatch Range. One of Tyler's great accomplishments, "Stiffler's Mom" in Little Cottonwood's Coalpit Buttress, received criticism due to debates about whether it had been climbed before. He remarks on the significant place of internet climbing websites in the ethical conflicts that sometimes develop in the climbing community. Tyler continues to be an avid climber and backcountry skier, while working at as a Facilities Manager at Snowbird. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Erik Solberg

Born in Denver, but raised in Salt Lake City, climber Mike White recalls his start as a climber, specific climbs and the development of climbing gear. The interview focuses on his prolific re-bolting of traditional routes in the Wasatch and other areas. This involves details about the technical, geological and social parameters of re-bolting. Out of this discussion, White's account of climbing ethics becomes prominent. White illustrates his perspective, remembers some close calls and tells of the controversy surrounding re-bolting. Additionally, White recalls his affiliation with various climbing organizations and his self-imposed moderation between conflicting sides. Outdoor Recreation Oral History Project. Interviewer: Matt Driscoll

McIntyre (b. 1942) was born in Fairbury, Nebraska. Both her parents were teachers. They moved to Pasadena, California when she was seven so her dad could work for the California Teacher's Association. Jerilyn discusses her early education. Her two years of high school were on the Pasadena City College campus. After high school she attended Stanford where she majored in history. She describes living on campus and her realization that she could handle studying at Stanford. She talks about her life-changing study abroad experience in Italy. She studied with professors from Stanford while there, as well as Italian language teachers. She learned to mellow out and not fill the entire day with work and took that lesson with her back to the States. Jerilyn received her Master's in journalism at Stanford. She talks about her Master's thesis and the professors with whom she studied. After receiving her Master's, she worked for the McGraw Hill publishing company as an editorial assistant and then later a correspondent. Jerilyn left McGraw Hill to study for a PhD, but before going to the University of Washington for her PhD, she taught at Chico State College for two years. She describes working at Chico State and being the only woman teacher there. Jerilyn then went to the University of Washington. She describes her dissertation and the professors she studied with. She was interested in the way communication systems develop in developing communities. After earning her PhD at Washington, Jerilyn was hired at the University of Iowa. She describes the overwhelming workload she had to take on because of departmental turmoil and changes. When the University of Utah approached her with a job offer, she agreed. She did not like the Iowa weather and she was excited at the job she would have at the University of Utah. Jerilyn discusses her hesitations and finally her decision to move to Utah. She describes her work at the University of Utah, the classes she taught, the responsibilities she had, and the promotions she received over the years. University Oral History Project. Interviewer: Anne Peterson

Firmage (b. 1958) was born in Provo, Utah. He discusses his childhood, family, education and young adult years, including a mission for the LDS Church in Germany. He details experiences while attending Princeton, and completing his undergraduate degree at the University of Utah. He pursued graduate studies at Berkeley. He worked in sales for a number of years before turning to a vocation in photography. Mr. Firmage provides an account of his travels and experiences that helped shape his thinking and activism toward environmental issues. He discusses his current activities in working with the LDS Church, local universities and local and national organizations to raise awareness of and a commitment to principles of sound environmental living. He also relates his interest and activism in promoting an anti-nuclear agenda. Utah Environmental Oral History Project. Interviewer: Robert Debirk

Haskell-Tims is a former dean of the College of Fine Arts at the University of Utah. She describes her family and her childhood at Yankee Farm near Santa Barbara, California. She recalls beginning dance lessons at age three with Madame Maria Kedrina who had trained in the Imperial Ballet Company in Russia. She describes performing all through public school and attending the University of Arizona, where she was introduced to modern dance. After college she became a stewardess with American Airlines, moved to New York, and danced before attending the University of Utah graduate school of dance. Other topics include touring and teaching with Ririe-Woodbury Dance Company, her faculty appointments at Arizona State and the University of Hawaii, her return to the University of Utah as chair of the Department of Modern Dance, and her career and subsequent retirement at the University of Utah. Interviewer: Scott Marsh